
Qass. \2J-IMs5^ 

Book ■ /y S 

' / 



DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR 
COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY 

O. H. TITTMANN, Superintendent 



SURVEY OF OYSTER BARS 

WORCESTER COUNTY 
MARYLAND 



DESCRIPTION OF BOUNDARIES AND LANDMARKS AND REPORT 
OF WORK OF UNITED STATES COAST AND GEODETIC SUR- 
VEY IN COOPERATION WITH UNITED STATES BUREAU OF 
FISHERIES AND MARYLAND SHELL FISH COMMISSION 



By C. C. YATES 

CHIEF OF COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY PARTY 
ASSISTANT. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY 




WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1909 



DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR 
V\ S COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY 

O. H. TITTMANN, Superintendent 






SURVEY OF OYSTER BARS 

WORCESTER COUNTY 
MARYLAND 



DESCRIPTION OF BOUNDARIES AND LANDMARKS AND REPORT 
OF WORK OF UNITED STATES COAST AND GEODETIC SUR- 
VEY IN COOPERATION WITH UNITED STATES BUREAU OF 
FISHERIES AND MARYLAND SHELL FISH COMMISSION 



By C. C. YATES 

CHIEF OF COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY PARTY 
ASSISTANT. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY 




WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1909 



JUi; g 



LETTER OF SUBMITTAL. 



Department of Commerce and Labor, 

Coast and Geodetic Survey, 

Washington, April io,'igog. 
Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a report of the officer detailed from 
the Coast and Geodetic Survey to cooperate with the Bureau of Fisheries and the Mary- 
land Shell Fish Commission in surveying the oyster bars of the State of Maryland, and 
certain technical results which are necessary for the interpretation and use of the plats 
of the survey made by the Government. 

This work has been done under the provisions of the act of Congress entitled "An 
act to authorize the Secretary of Commerce and Labor to cooperate, through the Bureau 
of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Bureau of Fisheries, with the shell fish com- 
missioners of the State of Maryland in making surveys of the natural oyster beds, bars, 
and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland," approved May 26, 1906, and of 
the acts of Congress making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government 
for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1907, 1908, and 1909. 
Respectfully, 

O. H. Tittmann, Superintendent. 

To Hon. Charles Nagel, 

Secretary 0/ Commerce and Labor. 

3 



CERTIFICATION. 



Annapolis, Md., Aprils, igog. 
The following publication is certified to contain correct technical descriptions of 
all boundaries and landmarks established in the waters of Worcester County by the 
Maryland Shell Fish Commission in cooperation with the United States Coast and 
Geodetic Survey. 

C. C. Yates, 
Chief of Coast and Geodetic Survey Party, 

Assistant, Coast and Geodetic Survey. 



Annapolis, Md., April 8, igog. 
Examined and certified to be correct. 

Walter J. Mitchell, 
Caswell Grave, 
Benjamin K. Green, 
Maryland Shell Fish Commission. 
SwEPSON Earle, 

Hydrographic liiu/ineer. 

Note. — Certified copies of this publication and of the charts of the natural oyster 
bars of Worcester County were filed in the office of the clerk of the circuit court of 
Worcester County and in the office of the Board of Shell Fish Commissioners, at 
Annapolis, on April 12, 1909. 

5 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 

Progress MAP - - Follows 67 

Letter of submittal 3 

Certification 5 

Introduction: 

Publications 'i 

Cooperation of the Coast and Geodetic Survey ^ 12 

Cooperation of the Bureau of Fisheries 12 

General statement of work of Coast and Geodetic Survey 12 

Report of the work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey: 

Instructions '4 

Organization and equipment '5 

Chronological statement of work 15 

Statistics "6 

General remarks '" 

Charts and maps: 

Charts of natural oyster bars . i? 

Leasing charts ^° 

Projections '9 

Progress maps - '9 

Boundaries of the county v-^aters: 

Waters within territorial limits of county 20 

Waters contiguous to county 20 

Landmarks (U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sirvey trianguuation stations): 

Explanation 21 

Method of describing triangulation stations 21 

Descriptions of triangulation stations — 

Thorofare (see progress map) 24 

Collier (see progress map) 24 

Convent Water Tower (see progress map) 25 

Gantt (see progress map) , 25 

Killick Shoal Light (Virginia) (see progress map) ^ 4° 

Chester (Virginia) (see progress map) 4' 

Assateague Light (Virginia) (south of chart limits, see progress map) ._' 4° 

Chart No. ij (Sinepuxent Bay) — 

Hamilton 26 

Ocean City Water Tower 26 

Harmon 26 

Ocean 27 

Buffing 27 

Buffington Windmill 28 

Gull 28 

Inkquill 28 

Seaside 29 



8 Contents. 

Landmarks (U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey triangulation stations) — Continued. 
Descriptions of triangiilation stations — Continued. 

Chart No. 13 (Sinepuxent Bay) — Continued. Page. 

EUpovv 30 

Beach 30 

Fasset t 31 

Shore 31 

Nellys 32 

Bar 32 

Longwells Windmill ^t, 

Sanpoi .; 33 

Mud __. 33 

Ingraya 34 

Salt 34 

North Beach Life-Saving Station (see also Chart No. 14) 35 

Birch (see also Chart No. 14) 35 

Neck _ 35 

Newport 36 

Handys Hammock (see also Chart No. 14) 36 

Chart No. 14 (Upper Chincoteague Bay) — 

Birch (see also Chart No. 13) 35 

North Beach Life-Saving Station (see also Chart No. 13) 35 

Beacon Clumps 37 

Turnagain (see also Chart No. 15) ■ 37 

Green Run Inlet Life-Saving Station Flagstaff (see also Chart No. 15) 38 

Landlet 38 

Guilberts Cupola 38 

Ricks 38 

Handys Hammock (see also Chart No. 13) 36 

Chart No. 15 (Lower Chincoteague Bay) — 

Turnagain (see also Chart No. 14) 37 

Green Run Inlet Life-Saving Station Flagstaff (see also Chart No. 14) 38 

Maryland-Virginia (Life-Saving Station Beach) 39 

Maryland-\'irginia (Pope Island) 3g 

Pope Island Life-Saving Station (Virginia) 40 

Wildcat (Virginia) 40 

Long Point (Virginia) 41 

Grace M. E. Church (Virginia) 41 

Money (Virginia) 1 41 

Maryland-Virginia (Railroad) 42 

Mill! 42 

Tizz ■ 43 

Boundaries of oyster bars: 

Explanation 44 

Method of describing boundaries 45 

Surveying methods for relocation of boundaries 46 

Boundaries of natural oyster bars — 
Chart No. 13 (Sinepuxent Bay) — 

South Point (see also Chart No. 14) 49 

Handys Hammock (see also Chart No. 14) 49 

Newport (see also Chart No. 14) 50 

Chart No. 14 (Upper Chincoteague Bay) — 

South Point (see also Chart No. 13) 49 

Handys Hammock (see also Chart No. 13) 49 

Newport (see also Chart No. 13) 50 



Contents. 9 

Boundaries of oyster bars — Continued. 

Boundaries of natural oyster bars — Continued. 

Chart No. 14 (Upper Chincoteague Bay) — Continued. ■ Page. 

Lambertson Landing 50 

Ennis 50 

Turpin 51 

Sandy Point 51 

Robins Marsh ■ 52 

Scarboro Creek c2 

Southwest ^3 

Purnell Hammock 5^ 

Beef Creek (see also Chart No. 15) i;3 

Rattlesnake (see also Chart No. 15) 54 

Martin Point (see also Chart No. 15) 54 

Diamond (see also Chart No. 15) , 54 

Chart No. 7 5 (Lower Chincoteague Bay) — 

Beef Creek (see also Chart No. 14) ^3 

Rattlesnake ( see also Chart No. 14) =4 

Martin Point (see also Chart No. 14) 54 

Diamond (see also Chart No. 14) , 54 

Sheep 55 

Mink Tump ^^ 

Easter Cove ^^ 

Big Bay Point ^6 

Kennel ^6 

Drum ^6 

Toby 57 

Deep Water ^y 

Striking Marsh , cy 

Levin Tump eg 

White Rock 58 

Horsehead North eg 

Horsehead South eg 

Appendixes; 

Appendix A. — Laws relating to the cooperation of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and 

Bureau of Fisheries with the Maryland Shell Fish Commission 61 

Appendix B. — "The Haman Oyster Culture Law" (extract from Second Report of Shell 

Fish Commission) __ 64 

Appendix C. — Summary of the particular surveying operations which constitute an " oyster 

survey" as now being carried on in Maryland 66 

Appendix D. — Statistics of results of the combined operations of the Government and State. 67 



SURVEY OF OYSTER BARS, WORCESTER COUNTY, MD. 



INTRODUCTION. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

The preparation of publications relating to the survey of the oyster bars of Mary- 
land has been divided between the Government and the State in accordance with the 
laws " authorizing the work and the natural division of the sur\'eying operations ' of 
the cooperating forces. 

The publications prepared and issued by the Government under the direction of 
the vSuperintendent of the Coast and Geodetic vSur\'ey consist of a series of charts and 
a technical report for each county surveyed.'' The charts show all legal boundaries of 
oyster bars within the adopted boundaries of the waters opened up for leasing with each 
county, and the location of all landmarks (Coast and Geodetic Sur\'ev triangulation 
stations) used as a foundation for the delineation of these various boundaries. The 
technical report gives technical and legal descriptions of all oyster-bar and other bound- 
aries, and descriptions of all landmarks shown on the charts, and includes the report 
of the representative of the Coast and Geodetic Survey in charge of the work of that 
Service in cooperation with the Bureau of Fisheries and the Maryland Shell Fish Com- 
mission. These charts and technical reports are prepared and certified for file with the 
courts and the Commission, as required by the laws of the State, and contain all infor- 
mation necessary to make a permanent record of the work of the Commission and the 
Government for all future requirements of the courts, or for any resurveys that may 
become necessary.'' 

The publications prepared and issued by the State under the direction of the Shell 
Fish Commission consist of annual reports' of all the operations of the Commission 

" See Appendix A for laws relating to the cooperation of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and Bureau 
of Fisheries with the Maryland Shell Fish Commission. 

b See Appendix C for a summary of the particular surveying operations which constitute an " oyster 
survey" as now being carried on in Maryland. 

c These charts and technical reports can be obtained by application to the Superintendent of the 
Coast and Geodetic Survey, at Washington, D. C. The publications ready for issue are those for Anne 
Arundel, Somerset, Wicomico, and Worcester counties; those for Calvert, St. Marys, and Charles 
counties are now being prepared. 

d The technical records and charts for each county are published separately on account of the 
requirements of the oyster-culture laws of the State and the practical considerations which make it 
desirable to have each county "opened up" for oyster culture as soon as practicable after the comple- 
tion of its survey. For these reasons and the fact that these reports are each arranged for distriljution 
and use in one county only without reference to other published records, much of the text of this publi- 
cation is of necessity identical with similar previous publications for other counties. 

f These reports can be obtained by application to the Shell Fish Commission, Annapolis, Md. 
They are issued annually in October, and the first and second reports are now available for distribution. 

II 



12 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

performed under the provisions of the laws of Maryland," including results of biological 
and economic oyster investigations, methods and results of the hydrographic survey of 
the boundaries of oyster bars and crab bottoms, the administrative report and financial 
statement of the Commission, information relating to oyster culture, methods of sur- 
veying and leasing of oyster lots, and much other important matter of legal and scientific 
value. 

These two sets of publications are planned and arranged to supplement each other 
without unnecessary duplication, and when combined they form a complete report of 
operations, methods, and results of the work of both the Government and State.* 

COOPERATION OF THE CO.'iST AND GEODETIC SURVEY. 

The work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, as the name of the Service indicates, 
includes a survey of the coasts of the United States made on a geodetic basis. This 
has involved the gradual construction of a great framework of interstate triangulation 
for use as a foundation for detail hydrographic and topographic surveys, from which 
there has been compiled and published a complete set of charts of the coasts of the 
United States, including all waters of Maryland where oysters grow. This existing 
triangulation, hydrography, and topography is essential as a foundation for a correct 
and practical survey of natural oyster bars; and it being one of the fundamental func- 
tions of the Coast and Geodetic Survey to furnish such data, the cooperation of the 
Coast and Geodetic Survey with the Bureau of Fisheries and the Maryland Shell Fish 
Commission is a practical and natural development of Government work leading to the 
conservation and increase of the supply of food. 

COOPERATION OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 

The Bureau of Fisheries has cooperated with the Coast and Geodetic Survey and 
the Maryland Shell Fish Commission principally as an adviser in matters relating to the 
biological and economic survey of oyster bars and the methods to be employed for that 
purpose.*^ A steam launch, rowing boat, and certain apparatus have also been furnished. 

The primary function of the Bureau of Fisheries is to increase the productiveness 
of marine and fresh waters by such measures as may be best suited to the purpose, and 
the services rendered in connection with the survey of the oyster bars of Maryland are 
strictly in line with the fundamental law under which it acts. In certain States other 
than Maryland similar work has been conducted bj- the Bureau acting independently, 
the same ends being attained at greater expense to the Government. 

GENERAL STATEMENT OF WORK OF COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY.<* 

The results obtained from the work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey in coopera- 
tion with the Bureau of Fisheries and the Maryland Shell Fish Commission need very 

" See Appendix B for an extract from the " Second Report of the Maryland Shell Fish Commission," 
giving a concise summary of the " Haman Oyster Culture Law." 

b See Appendix D of this publication for " Statistics of results of combined operations of the Gov- 
ernment and State." 

c Hon. George M. Bowers, Commissioner of Fisheries, has detailed for this service Dr. H. F. Moore, 
Assistant, Bureau of Fisheries. 

d For a detail statement of the very large amount of excellent oyster survey work of the Maryland 
Shell Fish Commission see the "Annual Reports of the Maryland Shell Fish Commission." 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 13 

little other summary than is indicated by the published "Charts of Natural Oyster 
Bars" and the scheme of hydrographic projections and triangulation stations shown on 
the county progress maps attached to each report. 

The triangulation has been carried on in accordance with the standard methods 
of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, making this work and that of the " Descriptions of 
Triangulation Stations" of permanent value, not only to the State of Maryland in the 
survey of her oyster bars, but also to the Government for any future work it may do 
in the regions covered by the oyster-survey operations. 

The hydrographic projections and published charts are prepared with all the accu- 
racy permitted by their large scale, especially as to the boundaries of the various 
shellfish bottoms in relation to landmarks, but this accuracy of location on the 
charts is further added to and permanently fixed by published technical descriptions 
which should minimize the probability of any future dispute as to either landmarks or 
boundaries. 

Stated another way and quoting from the report of the "Survey of Oyster Bars of 
Anne Arundel County:" 

The geographic positions of the permanent landmarks and signals have been determined with the 
usual precision of a trigonometric survey, and their locations at all points necessary to provide ample 
foundation for the surveying and charting operations permitted great accuracy of definition and loca- 
tion for the natural oyster bar and other boundaries established. At the same time, the very important 
element of permanency of the positions of boundaries has been secured, as the relocation of geodetic 
positions can always be accomplished by a competent surveyor, even though the original landmarks 
and monuments have been washed away, as has been the fate of hundreds of such points established 
by the Coast and Geodetic Survey on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay during the last sixty-five years. 

In fact, when the survey of the oyster bars of Maryland is completed, it is believed 
that it will stand the test of time and practical use as a working foundation for whatever 
form the oyster legislation of the future may assume, and that the doing of the work 
systematically and accurately, once for all, means the establishment of a foundation of 
a great oyster industry by ineradicably locating the natural oyster bars for the use of 
the public, and a still greater permanent superstructure of real oyster culture as a reward 
for individual enterprise, by reason of the integrity of the survey by which the rights of 
the public are secured. 



REPORT OF THE WORK OF THE COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY IN 

WORCESTER COUNTY. 

INSTRUCTIONS. 

The following two letters, together with the laws" of the United States relating 
to the subject, constitute the "instructions" received by the chief of the Coast and 
Geodetic Surv^ey party engaged on work in connection with the Maryland Shell Fish 
Commission. They are short and definite, but furnish ample authority and leeway for 
all legitimate development of the cooperation of the Government and the State in the 
survey of oyster bars. The "free hand" permitted by these orders, together with the 
aid and many valuable suggestions received from the officers of the Survey at Wash- 
ington, have proved very beneficial to the work, and are greatly appreciated. 

Department of Commerce .ind L.^bor, 

Office of the Secretary, 

Washington, June 2, igo6. 
Sir: In reply to your letter of May ^8, requesting ine to designate officers of the Coast and Geo- 
detic Survey and of the Bureau of Fisheries to cooperate with the State of Maryland in making survey 
of and locating the natural oyster beds, I have the honor to inform you that Mr. C. C. Yates will be 
designated to cooperate on the part of the Coast and Geodetic Survey as soon as Congress makes the 
provisions of the act effective by providing an appropriation for the purpose. 
Respectfully, 

Lawrence O. Murray, Assistant Secretary. 
His Excellency Hon. Edwin Warfieud, 

Governor of Marylund, Annaf>olis, Md. 



Department of Commerce and Labor, 

Coast and Geodetic Survey, 

Washington, July j, igo6. 
Sir: Upon the receipt of these instructions you will surrender the command, accounts, etc., of 
the steamer Endeavor to the Hydrographic Inspector. * * * 

As soon as this transfer is completed you will enter upon the duties of Coast Survey representative 
on the Shell Fish Commission of Maryland. 

You will consult the commissioners, prepare a programme of work, and submit estimates in the 
usual form. 

You are authorized to come to Washington for consultation from time to lime as may be necessary. 
******* 

Very respectfully, 

O. H. Tittmann, Superintendent. 
Capt. C. C. Yates, 

?'. -S. C. and G. .S Steamer Endeavor, Baltimore, Md. 

" For these laws see Appendix A. 

14 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 15 

ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT. 

The personnel and occupation of the party of the Coast and Geodetic Survey have 
remained practically unchanged since the b'eginning of the "oyster surv^ey." Besides 
the chief of party, it consists of the necessary triangulators, computers, draftsmen, 
and temporary employees required to carr^' on both the surveying operations in the 
field and the preparation for publication of oyster charts and technical records in the 
Office at Washington. 

The transportation equipment for the field work of the party in Worcester County 
was confined to hired launches and boats, as the waters of that region are too shallow 
for the use of the type of boats utilized by the Survey and the Commission in Chesa- 
peake Bay. 

It being impracticable to move the vShell Fish Commission house boat Oyster to the 
ocean coast of Maryland, the convenient living and office quarters furnished the Govern- 
ment on that vessel had to be exchanged for temporary quarters on shore. 

The greater part of the equipment of instruments for the operations of both the 
Government and State has been furnished by the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and 
consists of all necessary theodolites, levels, sextants, drafting instruments, hydrometers, 
etc., required for all field and office work. 

CHRONOLOGICAL STATEMENT OF WORK. 

The field work in Worcester County dates from November 8, 1907, when the survey 
in Wicomico County was completed and the entire party moved fo Chincoteague, Va., 
where headquarters were established. 

• On December 6, 1907, a subparty was organized for field work in the upper part of 
the county, the work of this party being done from a small house boat which was towed 
by a gasoline launch. 

On December 19, 1907, all field work was closed for the season and office quarters 
established in Baltimore." 

No further field work was done in Worcester County until March 23, 1908, when a 
subparty was organized to complete the triangulation, which work was finished on April 
18, 1908. 

On March 8, 1909, a subparty was organized to do some additional field work in 
Somerset County, and at the same time to inspect and replace certain triangulation 
monuments in Worcester County which were reported to have been injured. This 
latter work occupied thirteen days and was completed March 30, 1909. 

The office work connected with Worcester County, including the preparation of 
the oyster charts and technical records for publication, has been continued intermittingly 
from the beginning of the field work, on November 8, 1907, to the present time. The 
delay in the completion of the office work was due to various causes, but chiefly to the 
desirability of utilizing the new shore line being surveyed for other purposes by a topo- 
graphic party of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. This topographic work was available 
for use in the preparation of publications in beginning of present year, and adds greatly 
to the accuracy and value of the published oyster charts of Worcester County. 

" Office rooms were furnished for the work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey in the new custom- 
house by courtesy of Hon. William F. Stone, collector of customs. 



l6 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

STATISTICS." 

Landmarks and triangulation signals erected 36 

Monuments planted to mark triangulation stations __, i 34 

Triangulation stations occupied for observations of horizontal angles 38 

Old triangulation stations recovered 5 

New triangulation stations established 43 

Total old and new triangulation stations marked and described 48 

Linear miles of shore line covered by triangulation (approximate) 95 

Square miles covered by triangulation (approximate) no 

Hydrographic projections prepared and completed as records of oyster boimdaries 5 

Triangles computed 90 

Geographic positions computed 45 

Corners of oyster boundaries established by computation 108 

Back azimuths and distances computed from corners of boundaries to triangulation stations 324 

Descriptions of triangulation stations prepared for publication 48 

Descriptions of oyster boundaries prepared for publication 28 

"Charts of Natural Oyster Bars" prepared for publication 3 

Progress map prepared for publication I 

GENERAL REMARKS. 

Before ending this report the representative of the Coast and Geodetic Survey 
wishes to renew his statement of appreciation of the courteous assistance received from 
various Government and State officials and others interested in the oyster industry of 
Maryland, especially to the following: 

To his colleague from the Department of Commerce and Labor, Dr. H. F. Moore 
of the Bureau of Fisheries, whose well-known scientific knowledge of all matters relating 
to oysters has been of great value to the work. 

To Mr. Walter J. Mitchell, chairman of the Maryland Shell Fish Commission, who, 
by his administrative ability in carrying out the complicated requirements of the oyster 
laws and by his unfailing tact, has made the cooperation of the various services engaged 
on the work both agreeable and effective. 

To Dr. Caswell Grave, secretary of the Commission, who, as editor of the Com- 
mission's annual report and Commissioner in charge of the biological and economic 
oyster investigations, has been brought into constant contact with the Government 
work and aided its operations in every way. 

To Benjamin K. Green, treasurer of the Commission, who has looked after the 
equipment and commissary of the house boat in such a way as to add greatly to the 
comfort and convenience of the party of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, 

To Swepson Earle, hydrographic engineer to the Commission, whose knowledge of 
the work from former service in the Coast and Geodetic Survey has greatly facilitated 
his practical use of the technical data furnished by the Government. 

To Thomas H. Robinson, counsel to the Commission, for courteously furnishing 
valuable information relating to county boundaries. 

And to the many others connected with the Commission or who as residents in the 
locality where the work was being carried on have greatly assisted by furnishing 
important information or willing services. 

n These statistics only include field and office work directly performed by the party of the Coast and 
GeodeticSurvey in connection with theoyster survey of Worcester County, and do not include the many 
thousands of soundings and examinations of the character of the bottom made by the engineers of the 
Commission, which are of considerable value to the Coast and Geodetic Survey as hydrographic records 
for future use in connection with the preparation of new editions of charts of the waters of Maryland. 



CHARTS AND MAPS. 

CHARTS OF NATURAL OYSTER BARS. 

The charts " of the natural oyster bars of Worcester County, published by the 
Coast and Geodetic Survey from results of surveys of the Government in cooperation 
with the Maryland Shell Fish Commission, consist of three sheets covering the greater 
part of the shores of Chincoteague and Sinepuxent bays, including all oyster-producing 
bottoms of Worcester County. They are published on a scale of i part in 20,000 
(approximately 3 ' 6 inches to a statute mile) and are constructed on polyconic projections 
which are based on the United States standard datum of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. 

These charts show all oyster bars and other boundaries established by the Com- 
mission, and are certilied for the purpose of filing in the office of the clerk of the circuit 
court of Worcester County and in the office of the Commission at Annapolis, as required 
by the oyster laws of Maryland. 

In addition to the oyster-bar and other boundaries, the charts show the location 
and name of all landmarks (U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey triangulation stations) 
used in making the survey, together with the hydrography and topography " necessary 
to make the technical definitions and delineations of boundaries readily understandable 
both by the people engaged in the oyster industry and the general public who may 
become interested through leasing of barren bottoms for oyster culture. 

The names of the oyster bars are those used locally, as nearly as could be ascer- 
tained by the hydrographic engineer of the Commission. When there was no local 
name in common use, a name was selected from one of the prominent features of the 
vicinity. By the use of recognized names or those that would naturally suggest certain 
sections of water, it is believed that much confusion will be avoided in the location on 
the charts of the oyster bars, especially by those not familiar with the use of maps. 

The corners of the oyster bars are numbered from i to the total number of comers 
in each area under consideration. Where boundaries adjoin, making one point a 
comer of two or more oyster bars, these points have two or more numbers, each number 
corresponding to the bar in which the figure is located. The numbers of the corners 
correspond with the technical and legal descriptions of this publication under the 
heading " Boundaries of natural oyster bars." 

The landmarks and oyster bars have been grouped in the "Contents" of this 
publication in accordance with the charts upon which they are shown. To find a 

" These charts can be obtained by application to the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic 
Survey, at Washington, D. C. 

*> Much of the detail of the inshore topography was obtained from the excellent map of 
Worcester County prepared and published by the Maryland Geological Survey under the direction 
of Dr. William Bullock Clark from surveys of the Maryland Geological Survey in cooperation with the 
U. S. Geological Survey. 

82497 — 09 2 I'j 



1 8 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

particular oyster bar or landmark which is only known by name, consult the "Con- 
tents" and the desired chart and general location will be indicated. To find the name 
of a bar or landmark which is only known by location, consult the progress map at 
the end of this pubhcation for the number of the chart on which it is to be found, and 
then examine the known locality on the chart for the name of the bar or landmark in 
question. 

The contours on the charts showing the depth of water at mean low tide have been 
taken from the hydrographic sheets of former work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. 

The boundaries of the waters within the "territorial limits of the county" opened 
up for the leasing with Worcester County are plainly indicated on the charts. A 
description of this boundary is given in this publication under the heading "Boundaries 
of the county waters." 

The areas in acres of the oyster bars were determined under the direction of the 
hydrographic engineer of the Commission by two independent planimeter measure- 
ments of the areas as delineated on the smooth projections of the Coast and Geodetic 
Survey. These areas are given in small figures in parentheses on the face of the chart 
within the boundaries of the different shellfish bottoms. 

The symbols used on the charts for the different kinds of boundaries, triangulation 
stations, contours of depth of water, etc., require no other explanation than that given 
in the legend and other notes on the face of the charts. 

LEASING CHARTS. 

The leasing charts of Worcester County, like those for Anne Arundel, Somerset, and 
Wicomico counties, have been prepared under the direction of the hydrographic engineer 
of the Commission. These charts are constructed on polyconic projections which are 
based on the United States standard datum of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. They 
are made on the scales of i part in 5,000 or i part in 10,000, as the needs of oyster 
culture may require. Anne Arundel County required 13 leasing charts, Somerset 
County 12, Wicomico County 2, and Worcester County 3 to cover their oyster bottoms. 

These charts show all the oyster bars, crab bottoms, and clam beds and other 
boundaries established by the Commission, and also all boundaries of oyster lots leased 
for the purpose of oyster culture, thus making them comprehensive and valuable 
records of the results of the operations of the oyster-culture laws. 

The lots leased under the provision of the "old 5-acre law" are frequently of 
irregular shape, but the lots leased under the provision of the new oyster laws must 
be of rectangular shape by the terms of that act. For this latter purpose the leasing 
charts have been divided by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude into small 
rectangles of i acre or 5 acres, as maybe best suited to the area under consideration, 
and prospective leaseholders by the rules of the Commission are compelled to select 
whole rectangles as far as practicable. 

For reasons of the present changeable nature of the number of lots leased and the 
large number of charts required, the leasing charts are not likely to be published for 
some years, but they can be seen at any time on file at the offices of the Commission, 
in Annapolis. 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 19 

PROJECTIONS. 

The polvconic projections " covering Worcester County waters are 5 in number and 
on the scale of i part in 10,000. They were constructed by draftsmen of the Coast and 
Geodetic Sur\'ev, who also plotted the sextant positions which determine the location of 
the legal boundaries of the oyster bars as delineated by the Shell Fish Commission. 

A copy of each of these projections, with all the plotted positions of triangulation 
Stations, shore line, sextant positions, and boundaries of 03'ster bars, was made under 
the direction of the hvdrographic engineer of the Commission by pricking through with 
a sharp needle the intersections of the projection lines and all other points as plotted 
on the original sheets. 

These projections (in duplicate) are the original records of all oyster-bar and other 
boundaries established by the Commission, one set being filed in the archi\cs of the 
Coast and Geodetic Survey, at Washington, and the other set in the office of the Shell 
Fish Commission, at Annapolis. 

PROGRESS MAPS. 

The progress map to be found at the end of this publication is on a scale of i part 
in 100,000, and shows in outline the work accomplished by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic 
Survey in Worcester County and contiguous waters. It gives the scheme of all the 
charts and smooth projections constructed in connection with the sur\'ey, the location 
and names of all triangulation stations used as a basis for the sur\'eying work, and the 
"boundaries of county waters " established by the Commission for the purpose of carrying 
out the laws of Maryland relating to oyster culture. 

Besides indicating the amount of work done by the Coast and Geodetic Survey 
in connection with the work of the Shell Fish Commission, this progress map will be of 
special value for index purposes to engineers and others searching for the particular 
chart or projection covering the locality of the oyster bars or landmarks that may be 
under consideration. 

The progress maps '' accompanying the first and second annual reports of the Mary- 
land Shell Fish Commission were prepared under the direction of the hydrographic 
engineer of the Commission. They are on the scale of i part in 400,000, and show the 
outline of the tide-water counties of Maryland, with shaded areas to indicate the waters 
already covered by the operations of the oyster survey. 

1 For the scheme of these projections see the progress map at the end of this publication. 
b These maps and reports can be obtained by application to Maryland Shell Fish Commission, 
Annapolis, Md. 



BOUNDARIES OF THE COUNTY WATERS." 

WATERS WITHIN TERRITORIAL LIMITS OK COUNTY. 

The laws of Maryland relating to oyster culture provide that "no person shall be 
permitted, by lease, assignment, or in any other manner, to acquire a greater amount 
of land than ten acres situated within the territorial limits of any of the counties, or 
one hundred acres in any other place." 

The boundary line*" between the waters "within the territorial limits" of Worcester 
County and the waters in "any other place," as established by the Shell Fish Com- 
mission for the purpose of carrying out the oyster laws, and delineated on the charts 
and the smooth projections of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, is identical with the 
boundary line between the waters of Worcester County and the waters of the adjacent 
States of Delaware and Virginia excepting the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Therefore 
technically all waters opened up for leasing with Worcester County are within the 
"territorial limits" of that county. 

WATERS CONTIGUOUS TO COUNTY. 

The oyster laws of Maryland provide that a true and accurate delineation of all 
natural oyster bars shall be made on copies of charts of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic 
Survey, "which said copies shall be filed in the office of the said Commissioners in the 
citv of Annapolis, " and " in the office of the clerks of the circuit courts for the respective 
counties wherein the grounds so designated may lie. " 

For the purpose of carrying out the latter part of this section of the law and for 
the purpose of establishing the limits of the oyster-culture area to be opened up for 
leasing with each countv surveyed, it is necessary for the Shell Fish Commission to 
establish a boundary line between the waters contiguous to but not within the terri- 
torial limits of each county, and the waters contiguous to but not within the territorial 
limits of adjacent counties. But technically, as explained under the preceding heading 
of "Waters within territorial limits of county," there are no "waters contiguous to 
the county" in Worcester County excepting the waters of the ocean, and therefore 
there are no waters opened up for leasing with that county in which a person can lease 
"a greater amount than ten acres. " 

" For a complete historical and legal description of the boundaries of the counties of Marj-land, 
the valuable publication entitled "The Counties of Maryland — Their Origin, Boundaries, and Election 
Districts," prepared by Dr. Edward B. Mathews and publislied by the Maryland Geological Survey 
under the direction of Dr. William Bullock Clark, Superintendent, should be consulted, as the bound- 
aries described in this publication have been established and technically defined for the purpose of 
carrj'ing out the oyster la'vs of the State, and may or may not be correct for other purposes. 

6 See "Charts of Natural Oyster Bars," published by the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and the 
progress map at the end of this publication. 



LANDMARKS (U. S. CiJAvST AXD GEODETIC vSURVEY TRIANGULATION 

STATIONS). 

EXPLANATION. 

The oyster laws of Maryland authorizing the sur\'ey to be made bv the vShcll Fish 
Commission provide for "an accurate report of said sur\-ey, setting forth such a descrip- 
tion of landmarks as may be necessary to enable the said board, or their successors, to 
find and ascertain the boundary lines of said natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks, as 
shown by delineation on the maps and charts." The law of the United States author- 
izing the cooperation of the Department of Commerce and Labor in the sur\'ey of 
natural oyster bars of Maryland provides for the erection of "such structures as mav be 
necessary to mark the points of triangulation, so that the same may be used for such 
future work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey as the said Bureau may be hereafter 
required to perform in prosecuting the Government coast survey of the navigable waters 
of the United States located within the State of Maryland." 

Under the provisions of the sections of the laws stated above, the markings and 
descriptions of landmarks must be sufficient for the present and future needs of both 
the Government and the State. With this end in view, considerable work has been 
expended in erecting permanent monuments at the triangulation stations and in the 
proper description of their location. 

An effort has been made to arrange the descriptions of location and character of 
landmarks in a uniform and logical manner. The descriptions start with the assump- 
tion that the individual seeking a landmark has only an indefinite idea of its location. 
They gradually proceed from description of the general locality of a landmark to the 
descriptions of its immediate surroundings. This is followed by specific details of the 
character of the center and reference marks and a "round" of reference angles and 
distances which in themselves frequently contain enough information to furnish an 
independent and reliable location of the triangulation station. 

METHOD OF DESCRIBING TRIANGULATION STATIONS. 

The separate descriptions of triangulation stations should not be used without reading 
the joUou'ing explanation of the method of describing the triangulation stations, as it con- 
tains certain details that are common to all the landmarks described in this publication 
and which are omitted in the separate descriptions as being needless repetitions. 

Name. — The title at the top of each separate description is the name by which 
the landmark or triangulation station is known and designated in all work and pub- 
lished oyster records or oyster charts of both the Government and State. The selec- 
tion of the name is usually left to the triangulator establishing the station, and it may 
or may not have geographic or other significance in reference to the locality. 



22 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

General locality. — Under this heading is given the general locality of the landmark 
in reference to well-known and prominent natural or artificial features, such as the 
nearest body of water, town, river, steamer wharf, well-defined point of land, church, 
or any other feature that is likely to remain both permanent and prominent. 

This heading also covers a reference to the published chart or map which shows 
the location of the station most clearly. Nearly all the triangulation stations described 
in this publication are plainly indicated by name and a triangulation symbol on the 
published charts of oyster bars of Maryland. In this case they are referred to by serial 
number only, the words "charts of oyster bars of Maryland" being omitted to avoid 
needless repetition. These published oyster charts are on the large scale of i part in 
20,000 (approximately 3'^ inches to a statute mile) and show the location of the trian- 
gulation stations so clearly that in many cases the written descriptions will not be 
required to find them. 

Immediate locality. — Under this heading is given the description of the "observed 
station" in reference to its immediate surroundings. This is supposed to include a 
statement of the station's estimated elevation above high water or some other well- 
defined level of the locality, such as a road or house; the character of the ground on 
which it is located, such as marsh land, sand beach, cultivated field, or meadow; esti- 
mated bearings in points of the compass and estimated distances in yards from [not to) 
easily recognized features, such as extreme end of point, edge of bluff, bank of creek, 
line of telephone poles, shore line, barn, house, fence, ditch, trees, or anv other definite 
detail, such as being on range with the tangent of an island and a church; and so forth. 

When a standard monument has been established near the station as a "reference 
station," this heading also covers a statement of the true bearing of the monument in 
degrees and minutes and its measured distance in meters, as it is the first object that 
is likely to catch the eye when the immediate vicinity of the desired station is reached 
and might be mistaken for the center mark of the "obser\-ed station" unless special 
attention is called to it. 

The distinction between the "observed station" and "reference station" should 
be carefully noted by anyone making use of the description of stations for anv future 
surveying operations. 

The "observed station" is located at the particular triangulation point covered by 
the description of stations, and is the one whose geographic position is first computed, as 
it is the point which was "occupied" and "observed on" for horizontal angles. How- 
ever, in spite of the primary importance of the location of the "observed station," 
it will be noted from the description of stations that frequently it is not marked as well 
as the "reference station," and in many instances has only a pine stub to indicate its 
position. This is the case for the reason that the necessity of inter\'isibility of land- 
marks usually made it compulsory to locate "observed stations" on edges of banks and 
ends of points of land, which in the tide- water section of Maryland generally means they 
will be washed away in a short period of years. The past experience of the Coast and 
Geodetic Survey in this region has shown the great need of "reference stations," if the 
frequent reestablishment of a new framework of triangulation is to be avoided. 

The chief reason and need for the establishment of the "reference station," or 
secondary station, as it might be well named, is explained in the preceding paragraph, 
but in several instances other reasons, such as the location of the "observed station" 



Survey of Oyster Bars, ]Vorcester County, Md. 23 

on an unstable sand dune, in a cultivated field, in front of a residence, or other places 
objectionable to the landowner, have led to establishment of "reference stations." 
The location of the "reference station" in relation to the "observed station" is fixed 
for plotting on charts or for computation of its geographic position by checked measure- 
ments of its distances and azimuth from the "observed station."'' 

Marks. — Under this heading is given a description of the character of the permanent 
monuments or other marks of the location of the "observed station," and of the 
"reference station" where one has been established. 

All the marks designated in the descriptions as "the center point of triangle on 
standard cement monument" are exactly alike. These monuments are made of cement, 
sand, and gravel, and are 2 feet long and S inches square at top and bottom. Their tops 
are all marked with the same brass mold and show a center hole surrounded by a 
triangle, with the letters "M. S. F. C." arranged around the vertex and the letters 
"U. S. C. S." underneath the base of the triangle. The center hole is always in the 
center of the top of the monument by construction, and if this is found to have been 
broken off without disturbing the bottom the center of its square section can be used 
as the location of the station. 

All the "standard cement monuments," whether used for marking the "observed 
station" or "reference station," have been planted upright in exactly the same manner, 
with thejr tops projecting 3 or 4 inches above the surface of the ground, unless otherwise 
stated. 

Therefore, as the above facts in reference to the "standard cement monuments" 
are a constant element in all cases, the repetition of these facts in the description of 
stations is made needless by this one statement. 

References. — Under this heading are given the "rounds" of directions and distances 
to all objects that might be useful in locating the stations when the surface marks can 
not be found. It is also contemplated that for general purposes of topography, hydrog- 
raphy, or location of boundaries of oyster bars these references will be sufficient in 
many cases to relocate the position of an "observed station" or "reference station" 
when both of them have been destroyed. 

The first reference object given in the descriptions is always a triangulation station 
visible from the station being described, this, if possible, being a light-house, church 
spire, or other permanent and prominent point. Its direction is taken as being 
0° 00' 00", and the directions of all other objects are measured from it as an initial 
point, the angles being taken in a clockwise direction (left to right). 

The true bearing ' of the initial object is always given in parentheses alongside 
its name. This furnishes means for the calculation of the bearings of any of the other 
reference objects for the purposes of locating a station by horizontal angles or for the 
relocation of corner buoys of oyster-bar boundaries by the method of compass directions 
described in this publication under the heading of " Boundaries of oyster bars." 

" Geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude, distance, and azimuth) relating to any of the 
"obser\'ed stations" or of the "reference stations" described in this publication can be obtained by 
application to the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, at Washington, D. C. 

>> The mean magnetic variation for Worcester County was 5° 55' west of north in 1909 and 
increasing at the rate of 3><' yearly. 



24 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

The distances in the last column under "References" are given in three different 
units, which vary according to their accuracy. The "miles" are statute miles and may 
be considered only as rough estimates. The "yards" are more accurate, but must be 
looked on as results generally obtained by pacing or careful estimating. The "meters," 
however, are accurate to the degree indicated by their decimals and in every case have 
been measured with a steel tape. In the same manner the accuracy of the directions 
are indicated by the refinement of angular measure with which they are recorded. 

DESCRIPTIONS OF TRI.^NGULATION STATIONS. 

THOROFARE. 

General locality. — Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay and southern shore of Isle of Wight Bay on land 
known as Drum Point. (See progress map.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on "Thorofare Farm," about 400 yards from Sinepu.xent 
Bay and 165 yards southwest from the Thorofare. It is in a cultivated field about 8 feet above high- 
water mark on the second knoll southwest from the Thorofare, 400 yards north of "Thorofare Farm" 
house, 200 yards west of a wagon trail, and 32 yards southwest of the lowest point of the hollow between 
the two knolls. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument buried with top 
12 inches below surface of ground. Cement monument marking reference station is in bottom of hollow 
between the two knolls 51.032 meters N 65° 21' E of observed station and about on range with Isle of 
Wight Life-Saving Station. 

Rejerences. — ° ' " 

" Hamilton" (S 32° 06' E') o 00 00 ' I'i miles. 

Middle of lookout of Ocean City Life-Saving 

Station 5 09 __ ij^ miles. 

Presbyterian Church spire 5 53 -- 134 miles. 

Flagstaff on middle of square roof of Atlantic 

Hotel 9 47 .- I ^ miles. 

Power-house chimney 9 53 _- ij^ miles. 

"Ocean City Water Tower" 9 55 -_ iX miles. 

Ice-plant stacks 17 12 ._ 2 miles. 

Between two chimneys on top of Tabor 

house on Tabor Hill 24 01 ^_ ij^ miles. 

Chimney of " Thorofare Farm " house 35 01 __ 3^4 mile. 

Chimney on gray house 89 00 _, yi raWe. 

Left chimney on white house 116 04 __ i mile. 

Left chimney on white house 150 05 .. 3 miles. 

Referen'CE ST.^TiON 245 21 20 51.032 meters. 

Center of Isle of Wight Life-Saving Station. 245 24 30 4 miles. 

"Convent Water Tower" 334 30 20 i^ miles. 

Episcopal Church spire 359 05 _- I J^ miles. 

COLLIER. 

General locality. — Eastern shore of Sinepuxent Bay about one-half way between bay and ocean, % 
mile north-northeast of "Convent Water Tower" and /i mile south of Collier Islands. (See progress 
map.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on sand and grass beach land about 3 feet above high 
water, about 65 yards west of top of sand dunes, 8 yards north of a high-water overflow, and 42 yards 
west of line of telephtme poles. 



Survey of Oyster Bars, ]]^orccstcr County, Md. 



25 



Marks. — ^Observed station is center point of triangle 
top 4 inches below surface of sand. 

Rejerencrs. — ° 

"Thorofare" (N7i°43'W) . o 

Right tangent of Dog and Bitch islands 22 

Left tangent of Collier Islands 46 

Isle of Wight Life-Saving Station 86 

Eighth telephone pole north of convent ■ 137 

Seventh telephone pole north of convent 233 

Convent chimney i 263 

"Convent Water Tower" 268 

Episcopal Church spire 271 

Flagstaff on Atlantic Hotel 272 

Power-house chimney 272 

"Ocean City Water Tower" 274 

Ice-plant stacks 275 

Left tangent of water tank at Ocean City bridge. 281 
Between chimnevs on Tabor house on Tabor 

Hill _' 288 

Chimney of " Thorofare Farm " house 345 



n standard cement monument buried witli 



00 00 I X miles. 

33 - - H mile. 

12 ._ yi mile. 

55 _- 3J< miles. 

40 10 50 yards. 

01 40 65 yards. 

35 - - X mile. 

53 30 K mile. 

19 30 I mile. 

04 __ 1% miles. 

55 -- lyi miles. 

05 _ _ 1 3^ miles. 

36 - - \}/i miles. 

53 __ 1 5^ miles. 

06 ., 1 5-^ miles. 

II -- I X miles. 



CONVENT WATER TOWER. 

General locality. — Between Sinepuxent Bay and Atlantic Ocean, about i mile north-northeast of 
"Ocean City Water Tower." (See progress map.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on a large wooden water-tower structure belonging to the 
Convent of Saint Rose, at Ocean City. This tower is detached from the main building and is a very 
prominent object. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of top part of water-tank structure. 

References. — None necessary. 

GANTT. 

, General locality. — Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay, opposite Ocean City and about '2 mile back 
from the water. (See progress map.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is in cultivated field on Gantt (formerly Davis) farm, and 
is about 10 feet above high water. It is about 300 yards north by west of the old Davis farmhouse, 
on a ridge or slight rise of ground making ou^ from woods, 260 yards east-southeast of old woods and 
go yards east of a young growth of pines adjacent to old woods. It is also about 70 yards north of 
east-and-west wire fence and ditch and 83 yards west of a north-and-south fence and road running to 
farmhouse. Cement monument marking reference station is 85.44 meters S 89° 48' W of station in 
the edge of young growth of pines. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument buried with 
top 2 feet below the surface of the ground. Reference station is center point of triangle on standard 
cement monument with top about 4 inches above the ground. 

References. — o » »» 

"Harmon" (S 4° 38' W) o 00 

Reference STATION 85 10 

East tip of barn roof ig5 45 

Chimney of "Thorofare Farm" house 206 10 

Middle chimney of Convent 259 40 

Episcopal Church spire 286 35 

Catholic Church cross 300 49 

" Ocean City Water Tower" 303 30 

Power-house chimney 304 19 

Flagstaff on square roof of .'itlantic Hotel-- 304 45 

Ice-plant stack 316 53 

Left chimney of house on Tabor Hill 320 28 

Near chimney on house on Tabor farm 359 31 



30 



00 I mile. 

30 85,44 meters. 

-- J^ mile. 

-- i'i mil'e. 

-- !% miles. 

\% miles. 

1% miles. 

I }i miles. 

\% miles. 

1% miles. 

I '4 miles. 

I mile. 

'4 mile. 



26 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

HAMILTON. 

General locality. — Eastern shore of Sinepuxent Bay, in Ocean City, about >< mile northeast of 
the railway bridge and two-thirds the way from Sinepuxent Bay to the board walk on the ocean side. 
(See progress map.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on sand and grass land about 6 yards east-southeast of 
the extension of the east curb line of Philadelphia avenue, 145 yards northwest of Episcopal Church 
spire, 16 yards east-southeast of the telephone hne edge of wagon trail along proposed Philadelphia 
avenue, and 40 yards north of an exposed line of sewer pipe. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — ° ' " 

"Harmon" (S 66° 20' W) o 00 00 iji miles. 

Chimney of house on Thorof are Farm 73 11 __ iK miles. 

Right tangent of Drum Point . 91 14 ._ i mile. 

Left tangent of island ._ no 31 __ 3.^ mile. 

"Convent Water Tower" 140 43- __ 3^ mile. 

South end of roof of QuilHn's cottage 183 33 __ 400 yards. 

Peak on tower of Doyle cottage 198 09 .. 350 yards. 

Chimney of Mervue cottage 226 40 __ 350 yards. 

Chimney of Hotel Hamilton 229 53 ._ 225 yards. 

Episcopal Church spire 241 44 __ 145 yards. 

Chimney on Atkins cottage 275 50 __ 175 yards. 

Flagstaff on left end of Mount Pleasant HoteL_ 287 36 ._ J4 mile. 

Presbyterian Church spire 305 42 50 X niile- 

Power-house chimney 308 56 .. X ™ile- 

"Ocean City Water Tower" 312 31 __ _■ K mile. 

Between two chimneys on Tabor house 347 40 ^ _ i mile. 

Left chimney of Gray's house 357 14 __ iX miles. 

OCEAN CITY WATER TOWER. 

General locality. — Between Atlantic Ocean and Sinepuxent Bay, in Ocean City, Md. (See Chart 
No. 13.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is located about 80 yards north by east of Ocean City rail- 
road station, 30 yards south by west from curb of Talbot street, and 60 yards west by north from curb 
of Baltimore avenue. It is on a steel structure 100 feet high, supporting a large round water tank 
25 feet deep, which is known as " Ocean City Water Tower." 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of upper end of standpipe. 

References. — None necessary. 

HARMON. 

General locality. — West shore of Sinepuxent Bay, about ^^ mile back from west end of railroad 
bridge and just south of the B. C. & A. railway tracks. (See Chart No. 13.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is about 170 yards east of the first pine woods from the bay 

shore and about 145 yards east of some young growth pines adjacent to the woods. It is in a field 

about 72 yards south of the east and west railway tracks and about 65 j-ards south of the railway fence. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument buried with 

top about 12 inches below the surface of the ground. 

References. — ° ' " 

"Gantt" (N 4° 38' E) o 00 00 i mile. 

Near chimney of Harmon house i 46 .. X '^ilE• 
"Convent Water Tower" 48 59 30 1 1^ miles. 

Convent high chimney (not ventilator) 49 51 _- i^ miles. 

Episcopal Church spire 64 27 ._ i>4 miles. 

Presbyterian Church spire 71 26 .. i>4' miles. 

Right chimney of Tabor house 75 _. _- ^-ij mile. 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 27 



■'Ocean City Water Tower" 77 

Power-house chimney 79 

Flagstaff on square roof of Atlantic Hotel 80 

Cropper' s ice-plant stacks i. 92 

Corner of fence and woods 218 

Corner of railroad fence and woods 291 

3 or 4 small trees 126 

Left clump of trees * 157 



04 10 


lyi miles. 


01 .. 


I mile. 


18 


I mile. 


31 


I mile. 


- _ 


242 yards. 





138 yards. 


_ 


}4 mile. 


-, .. ... 


}i mile. 



OCEAN. 

General locality. — Eastern shore of Sinepuxent Bay, about one-third way from bay to ocean and 

about 3^ mile south-southwest of "Ocean City Water Tower." (See Chart No. 13.) . 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on sand and grass land about 8 yards east of telephone 
line and about 2 yards west of an old line of poles formerly used to support wires. It is apparently in 
proposed extension of Philadelphia avenue, but this is uncertain, as the street lines are indefinite in 
this locality. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument buried with 
top 12 inches below surface of sand. 

References. — ° ' " 

"Buffing" (S 64° 10' W) o 00 00 ij^t miles. 

Near corner of ice house sill 16 51 __ no yards. 

Left chimney on Harmon house 49 32 _. i mile. 

Left chimney of Tabor house 78 45 -^ J^ mile. 

Left stack of Cropper's ice plant 127 19 __ 170 yards. 

Left tangent of Captain Ludlam's office 133 04 _. 165 yards. 

Near chimney on Ocean City station 140 10 __ ^ mile. 

"Ocean City Water Tower" 141 52 .. ^ mile. 

Power-house chimney 146 17 __ 3i mile. 

Flagstaff on Atlantic Hotel 149 50 __ ^s mile. 

Chimney of 2 X-story house 162 49 .. 200 yards. 

Near corner of house 181 58 __ 200 yards. 

Near corner of T. Cropper house 254 08 _. 33 yards. 

Chimney of w'hite house 311 45 __ 200 yards. 

Near corner of Baker house 352 22 .. ij;^ miles. 

Baker windmill 353 18 __ ij^ miles. 

Chimney of Buffington house 358 13 .. iX "I'Ies. 

" Buffington Windmill" 358 35 .. i>^ miles. 

BUFFING. 

General locality. — Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay, on lowland about 200 yards nrtrtheast of knoll 

known locally as " Steam Mill Hill" and about 1 ' 2 miles southwest of Ocean City. (See Chart No. 13.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on sand and loam land about 2 feet above high water, 25 

yards west from shore, 65 yards northwest of where wire fence meets shore, 30 yards northeast of 

nearest point of fence, and 60 yards from junction of fence and pine woods. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — ° ' " 

"Harmon" (N 13° 19' E) o 00 00 J-s mile. 

"Convent Water Tower" 29 02 _^ 2 54 miles. 

Between chimneys on Tabor house on Tabor 

Hill 30 34 __ iX miles. 

Episcopal Church spire 36 31 __ 2 miles. 

Middle of Ocean City Life-Saving Station tower. 41 35 .. 2 miles. 

"Ocean City Water Tower" 41 21 __ 1,',' miles. 



28 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 



Power-house chimney 42 

Flagstaff on square roof of Atlantic Hotel 43 

Cropper's ice-plant stacks 47 

Left end of fence at shore 155 

Left chimney of Kelley brown house 187 

Chimney at right end of roof of Buffington 

house 207 

" Buffington Windmill" 213 

Fence and woods 272 

Chimney on top of hip roof of house 311 

Right tangent of woods 311 

Middle of convent roof 29 



47 -- I ^ miles. 

48 __ I ^ miles. 

:9 .- lyi miles. 

01 __ 65 yards. 

03 -- I mile. 

50 -- 200 yards. 

28 __ 200 yards. 

51 - - 60 yards. 

14 -- yi mile. 

14 _^ 60 yards. 

53 -- li/s miles. 



BUFFINGTON WINDMILL. 

General locality. — Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay, on knoll known locally as "Steam Mill Hill" 
and about i '2 miles southwest of Ocean City. (See Chart No. 13.) 
Immediate locality. — Near house belonging to Mr. Buffington. 
Marks. — Observed station is center of windmill tower. 
References. — None necessary. 

GULL. 

General locality. — Eastern shore of Sinepuxent Bay nearly halfway between bay and ocean and 
about I mile south-southwest of Ocean City. (See Chart No. 13.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on sand and grass beach land about 2 feet above high 
water, 130 yards west of Life-Saving Service telephone line, 200 yards west of top of sand dunes and 
65 yards south of a square marble pillar projecting above ground in middle of a bare washed space. 
Cement monument marking reference station is 7.68 meters S 88° 58' W of observed station and about 
on line with left end of woods below Buffington farmhouse. 

Marks. — Obser\'ed station is nail in stub flush with sand and grass. Reference station is center 
point of triangle on standard cement monument. 

Rejerences. — ° ' " 

"Buffing" (N 67° 04' W) o 

Right end of barn roof g 

Chimney on near side of roof of gray house. 1 2 

Near chimney of Harmon house 45 

Near chimney of Gantt farm house 55 

Near chimney of gray house 64 

Near end of roof of Tabor house on Tabor 

Hill 74 

Left tangent of water tank on left end of 

Ocean City bridge 82 

Between stacks of Cropper's ice plant 92 

' ' Ocean City Water Tower " 93 

Power-house chimney 94 

Flagstaff on square roof of Atlantic Hotel. . 95 

Near chimney of Kelley house 304 

Left chimney on Baker house 329 

Baker windmill 330 

Reference .st.\tion 33G 

Chimney on Buffington house 352 



00 
19 
07 
13 
33 
44 



54 
21 



f^ mile. 
\]4 miles. 
1^2 miles. 
1I4 miles. 
2^ miles. 
3 miles. 

I mile. 

1 ,' s miles. 
I mile. 



34 ._ I, '.4 miles. 

54 _ _ 1 ^-^ miles. 

54 __ 1J-4 miles. 

04 _ - 1J4 miles. 

05 __ i)i miles. 

14 __ I mile. 

01 30 7.685 meters. 

42 __ }i mile. 



General localily.- 
west of Ocean City. 



INKQUILL. 

-Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay, near Coffins Point, 
(See Chart No. 13.) 



about 2;' 8 miles south- 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 



29 



Immediate localily. — Observed station is on top of 
mark, 30 yards west of shore, 100 yards from corfier of 
corner of Kelley house, and about 55 yards southeast of 
Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangl 
top 12 inches below surface of ground. 
References. — 

"Buffing" (N 2o°oi' E) 

Near end of roof on Tal)or house on Tabor 

Hill 

" Convent Water Tower " 

Between two chimneys on middle of convent 

roof 

Church spire 

" Ocean City Water Tower " 

Power-house chimney _ 

Flagstaff on square roof of Atlantic Hotel. _ 

Cropper's ice-plant stacks 

Tangent of land 

Tangent of land 

Left tangent of fence 

Corner of fence 

Near chimney of Kelley house 

Chimney of gray house 

Chimney of large -four-sided roof 

Baker windmill 

" Buffington Windmill " 

Chimney of Buffington house 

SEASIDE. 



a shell knoll about 10 feet above high-water 
fence near Kelley house, 150 yards from near 
a ditch. 
e on standard cement monument buried with 



o 00 00 



I mile. 



13 


27 


16 


19 


16 


58 


20 


05 


21 


46 


22 


38 


23 


15 


23 


32 


25 


38 


89 


52 


156 


40 


178 


05 


184 


04 


203 


23 


215 


03 


331 


42 


356 


42 


357 


27 



2l-i miles. 


3K miles. 


3>^ miles. 


2^ miles. 


2^ miles. 


2^ miles. 


2'H miles. 


2 miles. 


1 70 yards. 


40-50 yards. 


125 yards. 


100 yards. 


150 yards. 


3 miles. 


lyi miles. 


1,-2 mile. 


^4 mile. 


J-f mile. 



General locality. — Eastern shore of Sinepuxent Bay, about halfway between bay and ocean and 
about 2 '4 miles south-southwest of Ocean City (See Chart No. 13.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on sand and grass land about 4 feet above higli water. It 
is on the north side of an overflow from the ocean, about 200 yards from Sinepuxent Bay and 120 yards 
west-northwest of sand dunes between the ocean and the station. Cement monument marking refer- 
ence station is 10.32 meters N 52° 39' E of observed station. No other permanent reference objects 
near station. 

Marks. — Observed station is nail in stub flush with ground. Reference station is center point of 
triangle on standard cement monument with top 4 inches above ground. 
References. — ° ' " 

"Inkquill" N 66° 35' W) o 00 00 

Baker house 22 

Chimney on Buffington house 43 56 

Tabor house on Tabor Hill 78 35 

"Ocean City Water Tower" 89 18 

Power-house chimney go oi 

Flagstaff on square roof of Atlantic Hotel _ 90 35 
Telephone pole 106 40 10 

Reference station log 14 20 

Telephofle pole 141 07 

Telephone pole 217 51 

Right chimney of Coffin Hotel 321 47 

Right chimney of Kelley brown house 353 40 



H mile. 

.. I mile. 

-_ i;.4 miles. 

__ 2 miles. 

.. 2X miles. 

__ 2% miles. 

.. ^ 2% miles. 

10 81.4 meters. 

20 10. 32 meters. 

00 39. 5 meters. 

10 47. 8 meters. 

__ 2 miles. 

.. . ^^ mile. 



30 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 
ELLPOW. 



General locality. — Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay, about }^ mile inland from what is known locally 
as Powell Point and about 3 '2 miles southwest of Ocean City. (See Chart No. 13.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on marshy grass land well back from bay, near a property 
lipe indicated by crab apple trees and a wire fence which runs from bay to crab apple trees and joins a 
snake fence. It is about ^ mile southeast of Hastings house, about ,'4 mile southwest of Kelley house, 
and about X ™i's northeast of Coffin Hotel (a large, unpainted, square house with four-sided roof). 
Cement monument marking reference station is 7.20 meters S 83° 50' W of observed station. 

Marks. — Observed station is nail in pine stub flush with the ground. Reference station is center 
point of triangle on standard cement monument. 

References. — ° ' 

"Fassett" (S 10° 32' W) o 00 

" North Beach Life-Saving Station" o 10 

Chimney of Henry brick house 9 48 

Chimney on right side of four-sided roof of 

Coffin Hotel 59 46 -- 

REFERENCB STATION 73 18 00 7. 

Chimney on left end of roof of Hastings 

house 133 16 __ 

Baker windmill 203 41 

Center of roof of Baker house 205 

" Buffington Windmill" 205 

Chimney of Buffington house 206 

"Ocean City Water Tower" 214 

Power-house chimney 214 

Flagstaff on square roof of Atlantic Hotel _. 215 



00 iX miles. 

30 65^ miles. 

-- ij/i miles. 



X mile. 
20 meters. 

X mile. 
i}4 miles. 



02 __ I ^ miles. 

39 -- ipi miles. 

00 .. I J^ miles. 

08 __ 3"/^ miles. 

44 . - 3'X miles. 

10 .. 3^ miles. 



BEACH. 



00 

15 



General locality. — Eastern shore of Sinepuxent Bay, about halfway between bay and ocean and 
about 3 miles south-southwest of Ocean City. (See Chart No. 13.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on sand and grass beach land about 3 feet above high 
water, 250 yards west of shore of Sinepuxent Bay and 2 feet east of line of telephone poles. Cement 
monument marking reference station is 6.40 meters N 0° 23' E of observed station. No other pernia- 
nent reference objects near station. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. Reference 
station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. (Note. — Reported lost in shifting 
sand at date of publication.) 

References. — ° 

"Inkquill" (N 22° 59' W) o 

Cupola on Baker house 3 

Baker windmill 4 

Nearest chimney on Baker house 5 

Cupola on Buffington barn 15 

"Buffington Windmill" 16 

Chimney on left end of roof of Buffington 
house 17 

Reference st.-^tion 23 

Between two chimneys on Harmon house 24 

Tabor house on Tabor Hill 37 

Cropper' s ice-plant stacks 44 

" Ocean City Water Tower " 44 

Flagstaff on square roof of Atlantic Hotel 45 

Point of four-sided roof 249 



I ' 8 miles. 

\yi miles 

14 -- il4 miles. 

07 _. lyi miles. 

20 _. I ^ miles. 

41 -- ij^ miles. 



00 __ ly^ miles. 

21 50 6.40 meters. 

21 .- 2 J^ miles. 

08 _. 2j^ miles. 

00 .. 2 3^ miles. 

58 __ 3 miles. 

54 . - - - - 3 miles. 

21 __ 3fi miles 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Add. 



31 



" Longwells Windmill" 249 

Chimney on near end of Henry brick house- - 287 

Left tangent of Coffin Hotel 30 1 

Right chimney of large white house 315 

Left chimney on Kelley brown house 356 

FASSETT. 



45 __ 3^8 miles. 

40 __ 2 miles. 

13 _. 2 miles. 

37 .. 2 miles. 

21 .. lyi miles. 



General locality. — Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay about ,'2 mile north-northeast of Fassett 
Point. (See Chart No. 13.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on shell and marsh land about 2 feet above high water, 

120 yards south by east from slough making into marsh, about 140 yards west of side of point, and 

no yards north of side of point. It is about 200 yards northeast of a fence with a clump of trees 
beyond it. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — 

"North Beach Life-Saving Station" (S 10° ° ' 

43' W) ^ o 

Tangent of point 7 

"Nellys" 13 

Left of clump of trees 21 

Right edge of clump of trees ■- — 51 

Chimney on gray house 89 

Right tangent of roof of brick house 133 

.Chimney on center of red roof on white house. _ 141 

Chimney on left side of a French roof house 165 

Slough 1 67 

Baker windmill 192 

Chimney on right edge of Baker house 193 

" Buffington Windmill" 195 

Between chimneys on Tabor house near Ocean 

City bridge 200 

"Ocean City Water Tower" 205 

"Convent Water Tower" 203 

Power-house chimney 205 

Flag pole on square roof of Atlantic Hotel 206 

SHORE. 



00 GO 5 J^ miles. 

45 .. 300 yards. 

56 40 3^ mile. 

33 -- 500 yards. 

20 _ _ 400 yards. 

05 __ ^ mile. 

15 -- ^ mile. 

26 __ ^ mile. 

10 -. 2 miles. 

__ 120 yards. 

2)^ miles. 

2>2 miles. 

3 miles. 



36 
24 
27 



53 -- 4K miles. 

23 ., 4 fl miles. 

05 .. 5 miles. 

49 -. 5 miles. 

08 .. 4K miles. 



General locality. — Eastern shore of Sinepuxent Bay, about halfway between the bay and the ocean 
and about 4'4 miles south-southwest of Ocean City. (See Chart No. 13.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on sand and grass beach land about 2 feet above high 
water and 16 yards east of line of Life-Saving Service telephone line poles. Cement monument marking 
reference station is 6.78 meters N 72° 59' E of observed station. No other permanent objects near 
station. 

Marks. — Observed station is nail in stub about 3 inches above sand. Reference station is center 
point of triangle on standard cement monument. 

References. — ° 

"Ellpow" N 29°35' W) o 

Chimney of gray house 21 

Baker windmill 28 

Left chimney of Kelley brown house 29 

Baker house beypnd 29 

" Buffington Windmill " 34 

Buffington house chimney 35 



00 00 I -'^ miles. 

1 g . _ 2 ; 4 miles. 



55 
32 
33 
59 
1 1 



>5'^ miles. 

2 miles. 
; ' 2 miles. 

3 miles. 
3 miles. 



32 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

Chimney of Tabor house on Tabor Hill 46 35 __ 4 >i miles. 

"Ocean City Water Tower" 52 06 -- 4>i miles. 

Power-house chimney 52 29 ._ 4^ miles. 

Reference STATION 102 33 45 6. 78 meters. 

Top point of large four-sided roof 267 58 _. 2 >^ miles. 

"Longwells Windrnill " 268 30 _. 2 X miles. 

Large chimney on house in woods 278 02 __ 2 5^ miles. 

Left chimney of Henry house 287 35 __ i>^miles. 

Left chimney of brick house 330 41 _. smiles. 

Chimney on left end of gray house 340 06 .. 2 miles. 

Left chimney of Coffin Hotel 349 42 __ ij^ miles. 

NELLYS. 

General locality. — Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay, about i '4 miles north of Sandy Point on a 
point of land near place called Nellys Bar. See Chart .No. 13.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is about 5 feet above high water, 45 yards west-northwest 
of extreme end of point, 25 yards from north side of point and 20 yards from south side of point. It is 
on the edge of a cultivated field and about '4 mile southeast of a large old-fashioned 23,2-story brick 
house. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — o 1 n 

"Fassett" N 24° 40' E) o 00 00 J^ mile. 

" Bufiington Windmill" i 11 30 _ . 4 miles. 

Chimney of Buffington house r 22 __ 4 miles. 

Between two chimneys on Kelley house 3 54 .. 2j^ miles. ' 

Near end of roof of Tabor house 5 51 __ 5 miles. 

"Convent Water Tower" 8 00 _. 6 J4 miles. 

Middle of convent S 21 ._ 6 >2 miles. 

Church spire 9 24 _. 6 miles. 

Church spire 9 36 .. 6 miles. 

"Ocean City W'ater Tower" g 43 __ 6 miles. 

Power-house chimney 10 05 .. .., 6 miles. 

Middle of square roof of Atlantic Hotel 10 22 __ 6 miles. 

" North Beach Life-Saving Station" 163 40 40 4 5-3 miles. 

Tangent of Sandy Point 174 02 _. 1^4 miles. 

Weather vane on Longwell house 192 40 _ i mile. 

" Longwells Windmill" 194 06 __ i mile. 

Left chimney of Henry brick house 300 02 _- ^ mile. ' 

BAR. 

General locality. — Eastern shore of Sinepuxent Bay, about halfway between bay and ocean and 
about 5 '4 miles south-southwest of Ocean City. (See Chart No. 13.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on sand and grass beach land about 3 feet above high 
water, no yards west of top of sand dunes, and 5 yards east of line of Life-Saving Service telephone 
poles. There are no permanent objects near the station. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — o / // 

"Nellys" (N 66° 14' W) o 00 00 i>8 miles. 

Southerly chimney of Henry brick house 4 33 .- i ,'-4 miles. 

Chimney on northerly end of roof with two 

gable windows 34 33 .. smiles. 

Chimney on middle of red roofed white house- - 37 42 __ _' 2 J^ miles. 

Left chimney of large white house 39 27 _. 2^ miles. 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 33 

Chimney on southerly corner of four-sided roof ° ' " 

ofgrayhouse 48 20 2^ rniles. 

Baker windmill 72 16 _. 3^2 miles. 

" Buffingt on Windmill" 76 16 ._ 3 J^ miles. 

BulTington house chimney 76 25 __ 3^8 miles. 

"Ocean City Water Tower" . 89 05 __ .: 5^ miles. 

Power-house chimney 89 24 5X niiles. 

Telephone pole 80 28 .. 32 yards. 

Telephone pole 275 45 .. 65 yards. 

Middle of roof of Longwell house 324 48 __ i ^2 miles. 

LONGWELLS WINDMILL. 

General locality. — Western side of Sinepuxent Bay, about '2 mile north by west from Sandy Point. 
(See Chart No. 13.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on tower in rear of house on " Longwell Farm." 
Marks. — Observed station is center of windmill. 
References. — None necessary. 

SANPOI. 

General locality. — Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay, on Sandy Point. (See Chart No. 13.) 
Immediate locality. — Observed station is on sage land 2 feet above high-water mark, about 80 yai'ds 
west of extreme end of point, which is well rounded, 40 yards north of one shore of the point and 1 10 
yards south of the other shore of the point. It is about 25 yards east-southeast of one end of a grove of 
crab-apple trees and about no yards south of the other end. Small bushes about 18 inches high sur- 
round station. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — ° ' " 

" North Beach Life-Saving Station "(83° 33' W) o 00 00 3JI miles. 

North Beach Life-Saving Station flagstaff o 15 __ ^ 3^8 miles. 

Tangent to " Indian Graveyard Point" 36 44 ._ i mile. 

Crab-apple tree 64 __ _. 70 yards. 

Southerly chimney of stone house 70 15 .. >^ mile. 

Left end of grove of crab-apple trees 118 __ 25 yards. 

Dark brown house 191 ._ .. iJS^ miles. 

"Ocean City Water Tower" 208 10 __ 6X ™'les. 

Chimney on Baker barn 199 19 ,. 4^^ miles. 

Chimney on Baker house 199 41 __ 4 J^ miles. 

Tabor house near Ocean City bridge 204 38 _- 6^ miles. 

MUD. 

General locality. — Eastern shore of lower Sinepuxent Bay, about two-thirds way from bay to ocean 
and I mile east -southeast of Sandy Point. (See Chart No. 13.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on sandy ground about 3 feet above high water, 60 yards 
west-northwest from top of a sand dune, 100 yards east of head of a smalt, narrow inlet from Sinepuxent 
Bay, and no yards east-southeast of a line of Life-Saving Service telephone poles which pass about 18 
yards to the east of the wagon trail. Cement monument marking reference station is 18.84 meters 
N 57° 54' W of observed station. No other permanent reference objects near station. 

Marks. — Observed station is a nail in a stub flush with the sand. Reference station is center point 
of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — 

"North Beach Life-Saving Station" (S. 21° ° ' ". 

39' W) o 00 00 3'4' miles. 

Telephone pole 49 01 .. 150 yards. 

Southerly chimney of storehouse 78 50 _- ij'2 miles. 

82497—09 3 



34 



Suruey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 



Telephone pole - 83 07 

Reference STATION 100 26 

Northerly end of ridge of roof of large barn. 104 09 

"Longwells Windmill" 108 26 

Top point of four-sided roof 108 27 

Chimney on southerly end of long building. 119 05 

Telephone pole 120 29 

Near chimney of brick house 139 44 



50 



1 10 yards. 
18. 84 meters, 
ij^ miles. 
I }4 miles. 
I H miles. 
I K miles. 
125 yards. 
2 miles. 



"Ocean City Water Tower" 180 56 20 6^ miles. 

INGRAYA. 

General locality. — Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay, on easterly side of Sinepuxent Neck, on point 
known locally as Indian Graveyard. (See Chart No. 13.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is about 5 feet above high water, 55 yards north uf nearest 
shore, 180 yards west of extreme end of point near bushes, and 80 yards east of where a ditch coming 
from the northward turns to westward. Two trees, each about 75 yards distant, are located on the 
line of the ditch. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument buried with 
top 14 inches below surface of ground. ' 

References. — 

"North Beach Life-Saving Station" (S 12° 25' ° ' " 

E) : o 

Tangent to Green Point 42 

Corner of ditch 109 

Tree, 8 inches diameter 118 

Tree, 8 inches diameter 162 

Near chimney of 2 >2 -story house (Hawks Nest) . 216 

"Longwells Windmill" 219 

Tangent of Sandy Point 239 

Bushes to east of end of point 299 

SALT. 



00 00 2)4 miles. 

19 .. Ji' mile. 

10 .. 80 yards. 

20 .. 75 yards. 

24 .. 80 yards. 

54 .. J< mile. 

50 -. i^ miles. 

43 -. iJ4 miles. 

.. 180 yards. 



General locality. — Eastern shore of lower Sinepuxent Bay, about two-thirds way from bay to 
ocean and i '2 miles south-southeast of Sandy Point. (See Chart No. 13.) 

Immediate locality. — Obser\'ed station is on sand and marsh beach land about 3 feet above high 
water, 105 yards east by south of line of poles of Life-Saving Service telephone line, and 175 yards east 
of a small creek known as "Jones Salt Works Drain." No permanent objects near station. 
Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — 

"North Beach Life-Saving Station" S 20° ° ' " 
36' W) o 

North Beach Life-Saving Station flagstaff o 

Telephone pole 50 

Telephone pole 72 

Jones Salt Works Drain 80 

Telephone pole in 

Left chimney of stone house 121 

Telephone pole 137 

"Longwells Windmill" ' 141 

Center of roof of white house 141 

Near chimney of 2 '2-story house 150 

"Ocean City Water Tower" 182 



00 


00 


2 miles. 


14 


20 


2 miles. 


36 


._ 


175 yards. 


36 


-- 


135 yards. 


__ 


_- 


175 yards. 


48 


.. 


135 yards. 


44 


.. 


I '^ miles. 


07 


._ 


200 yards. 


23 


.. 


2 miles. 


44 




2, '2 miles. 


21 




^li miles. 


07 


40 


73^ miles. 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 
NORTH BEACH LIFE-SAVING STATION. 



35 



30 



General locality. — Atlantic coast side of strip of beach land between lower Sinepuxent liav and 
the ocean. (See Charts Nos. 13 and 14.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on lookout cupola on the North Beach Life-Saving Sta- 
tion. This cupola is a gable-roof structure on a gable-roof 2 'i-story house. 

Marks. — Observed station is a black and white 4 by 4 inch pole secured temporarily to tlie exact 
middle of ridge of gable roof of lookout cupola. 

Rejerences. — Xone necessary. 

BIRCH. 

General locality. — Southern part of Sinepuxent Neck, between Sinepuxent Bay and Newport 
Bay, about 1 2 rnile north-northwest of South Point. (See Charts Nos. 13 and 14.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on the northwest and higher of two knolls about 20 feet 
above high-water mark, 600 yards east of Island Point, 200 yards northeast of shore of upper Chin- 
coteague Bay, 75 yards east-southeast of where a ditch and fence meet, and about 400 yards southwest 
of a house and barn. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
Rejerences. — ° ' " 

"Guilberts Cupola" (S 48° 09' W) o 00 

Chimney on left of a small house 12 13 

Nail in blaze in walnut tree (20 inches di- 
ameter) 25 14 

Chimney on black roof of white house 28 46 

"Handys Hammock" 34 41 

Cedar tree 41 39 

Jones windmill 47 27 

Nail in blaze in walnut tree 66 33 

Chimney of house near " Newport" 83 50 

Holly tree 156 57 

Cedar tree near Birch farm buildings 184 58 

Chimney of Birch farm house 192 32 

Cedar tree 229 57 

Chimney of hotel near " North Beach 

Life-Saving Station " 259 49 _^ 2 K miles. 

Nail in blaze in walnut tree 341 34 __ 12.72 meters. 

NECK. 

General locality. — Northeastern shore of Newport Bay, on easterly side of Newport Neck lielween 
Greys Inlet and Spence Cove. (See Chart No. 13.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on marsh land about 400 yards northeast of Knot Point, 
100 yards north from shores of Spence Cove, 50 yards northwest of small marsh inlet, and 10 yards 
south of edge of a prominent grove of old oaks. There are bushes between the station and the oak 
grove. Cement monument marking reference station is 12.72 meters N 7° 23' W from observed station. 
Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. Reference 
station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. (Note. — Top disconnected, but 
recemented.) 

.References. — ° ' " 

" Handys Hammock" (S 53° 53' W) o 00 00 3 miles. 

Tall water bushes 17 __ ._ 75 yards 

House behind bushes 17 j^;^ ._ 43-2 miles. 

Left chimney of large house 29 37 .. 2 i^' miles. 

Chimney of 1 3'2-story white house 43 48 __ 1/2 miles. 

Left edge of oak grove 81 14 __ 25 yards. 

Nail in blaze of persimmon tree (3 inches 

diameter) 100 36 50 12.24 meters 



6^ miles. 

i,i\ miles. 

28.61 meters. 

4 '4 miles. 

3 miles. 

-- 80 yards. 

-- 3 K miles. 

40 25.52 meters. 

2yi miles. 

150 yards. 

300 yards. 

300 yards. 

-_ 195 yards. 



36 



Survey of Oyster Bars', Worcester County, Md. 



Nail in blaze in oak tree (12 inches di- ° ' 

ameter) 117 35 

REFEREN'CE STATION 118 43 

Nail in blaze in oak tree 173 04 

Chimney of house in woods 21G 32 

Left chimney of large house 277 26 

Tangent of marsh 253 07 

Right tangent of Island Point 304 29 

Tangent of marsh point 334 02 

NEWPORT. 



30 25. 28 meters. 

40 12. 72 meters. 

- - 17. 88 meters. 

- - ;54 mile. 

- I mile. 

-_ % mile. 

.- lyi miles. 

-- '^ mile. 



General locality. — Northwestern shore of Newport Bay on easterly side of elevated land known as 
Cropper Island. (See Chart No. 13.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on elevated tilled land about 5 feet above high-water 
mark, 200 yards west of mouth of marsh creek in bay shore, and 150 yards south of the only house on 
the island. It is near east edge of tilled land, about 70 yards west from edge of marsh. The tilled 
and marsh land is separated by a strip of land covered with trees. 

Marks — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — ° ' " 

" Neck" (S 86° 10' E) o 00 00 i',2 miles. 

A house 22 42 _ 2 miles. 

Chimney of Birchs house ^2 29 _. 2', miles. 

Walnut tree (24 inches diameter) ' 83 53 __ 70 yards. 

Three trees 94 _ __ 1 150 yards. 

Left tangent of point of land 115 07 .. i mile. 

New barn 129 06 __ 2 '2 miles. 

Chimney on house 133 39 .. i! 2 miles. 

Chimney on left end of house 158 36 _ i mile. 

Thorn bushes 171 44 -- 150 yards. ' 

Chimney on house 266 57 _ 150 yards. 

Double walnut tree 297 41 " _ 2 ^so yards. 

Well sweep ^ 214 11 __ 200 yards. 

H ANDYS HAMMOCK. 

General locality. — Western shore of upper end of Chincoteague Bay and western side of entrance 
to Newport Bay on solid land partly surrounded by marsh known as Handys Hammock. (See Charts 
Nos. 13 and 14.) 

Iinmediate locality. — Observed station is on a sand knoll about 10 feet above high water and 140 
yards west-northwest from the extreme end of the narrow point on which it is situated. It is about 
35 yards west of another short point, 30 feet south-southwest of shore at a sand beach, 20 yards north 
of a thorn bush and 50 yards north-northwest of a small pool 20 feet square. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — 

"North Beach Life-Saving Station" 882° 13' ° ' " 

E) o 00 00 smiles. 

North Beach Life-Saving Station flagstaff 00 14 __ smiles. 

Left edge of woods beyond Kelleys Point 106 39 _. 2 '4 miles. 

Myrtle tree i 115 42 _ 50 yards. 

Chimney on left end of large white house 131 57 -- 1J4 miles. 

Chimney right end of another large white build- 



ing - 



136 

Center of large white house 146 

Right end of new barn roof 178 

W'indmill 221 



48 ^- 2, '4 miles. 

42 __ i]< miles. 

12 _ - I ' < miles. 

42 .. yi mile. 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester Comity, Md. 



37 



Chimney of house with two piazzas 224 

Chimney of large unpainted house ■_ 251 

Middle of clump of 1 2 persimmon trees 267 

Chimney on near end of large white house 289 

Tangent to South Point 354 

BEACON CLUMPS. 



17 __ '2 mile. 

18 .- I mile. 

35 _ - 50 yards. 

48 __ 2'4 miles. 

31 __ 3 miles. 



18 



General locality. — Easterly side of upper Chincoteague Bay, on the southern and larger of the two 
small marsh islands called Beacon Clumps. (See Chart No. 14.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on a small marsh island covered at extreme high water. 
It is situated about 35 yards south of .shore, 22 yards west of shore, 28 yards north of shore, and 75 
yards east of shore. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — ° ' " 

"Guilberts Cupola" S 78° 50' E) o 

Modern house being constructed 2 

Silo building 3 

Chimney of Jones house on Newport Bay 51 

Near end of roof of house on South Point 86 

First tree near North Beach Life-Saving Sta- 
tion 1 03 

North Beach Life-Saving Station flagstaff 1 1 1 

" North Beach Life-Saving Station " in 

Other Beacon Clump 116 

Green Run Inlet Life-Saving Station lookout.- 255 

Right end of Green Run Inlet woods 271 

Between two chimneys on cream-colored house. 339 



00 41^ miles. 

.- 4>^ iniles. 

._ ^li miles. 

50 _ _ ()% miles. 

18 __ 5>^ miles. 



21 

15 
46 



5 miles. 

5 miles. 

5 miles. 

}i mile. 

3K miles. 



31 .. 3K miles. 

.. .. 5^ miles. 



TURNAGAIN. 



General locality. — Eastern shore of Chincoteague Bay, on main land marsh about i mile southeast 
of Whiltington Point. (See Charts Nos. 14 and 15.) 

Immediate locality. — Obser\'ed station is on marsh land awash at high water, about 75 yards south 
from shore, 55 yards east from shore, and about 83 yards west from shore of a small bay. A creek 
runs nearly around this piece of marsh, but does not make an island of it. No permanent reference 
marks near station. 

Afarks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — 

"Pope Island Life-Saving Statiim" (S 15° 22' ° ' " 

W) o 

Point of land . 18 

Point of land 34 

Point of marsh 91 

Point of land . 97 

Point of land 164 

Point of this marsh 194 

Beginning of woods 251 

Cut in top of woods 281 

End of woods 313 

Sand dune behind woods 330 

Clump of trees 336 

Duck blind 355 



00 00 4j.f miles. 

02 __ ^^J" mile. 

23 -. 2 miles. 

II -- yi mile. 

54 -. X mile. 

16 __ ^ mile. 

28 __ js mile. 

41 .- I mile. 

41 - - 3.^ mile. 

19 -- K mile. 

44 ._ I '4 miles. 

32 __ I;':}' miles. 

44 ._ I mile. 



38 Survey oj Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

GREEN RUN INLET LIFE-SAVING STATION FLAGSTAFF. 

General locality. — Atlantic coast, about i8 miles south-southwest of Ocean City and about i^ 
miles northeast by north of " Assateague Light." (See Charts Nos. 14 and 15.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is detached flagstaff with a topmast belonging to Green Run 
Inlet Life-Saving Station. 

Marks. — Observed station is center of flagstaff. 

References. — None necessary. 

LANDLET. 

General locality. — Western shore of Chincoteague Bay, about 2^ miles south of Snow Hill Landing, 
on point of land known locally as Watermelon Point. (See Chart No. 14.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on a small sandy island surrounded by marsh land and 
about 20 yards west of shore. This so-called island is the only hard land on the marsh point and is 
about yi mile to the east of the nearest solid land. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument Iniried with 
top 2 inches below surface of ground. 

Rejerences. — ° ' " 

"Guilberts Cupola" (N7°05'E) o 00 00 2, '4 miles. 

Chimney of white house 8 02 __ 4 miles. 

Right of Green Run woods iii 29 _, smiles. 

" Pope Island Life-Saving Station" 151 52 ._ 6^4 miles. 

Four trees on Martin Point 185 21 ._ i mile. 

Left of clump of trees called Purnell Hammock. 197 23 _ ^4 mile. 

House 217 55 __ 6 miles. 

Large tree 245 16 __ __■ >4 mile. 

Chimney of white house 264 00 .. _ J^ mile. 

Cedars on property line 275 50 _^ J^ mile. 

Chimney on middle of house 316 13 _- i mile. 

Chimney outside of house 328 08 _. 1^4 miles. 

Near end of large barn 342 05 __ i "4^ miles. 

GUILBERTS CUPOLA. 

General locality. — Western shore of Chincoteague Bay, close to Snow Hill Landing. (See Chart 
No. 14.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on a large mansion house located about 100 yards north- 
west of the land end of Snow Hill Landing. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of top of cupola. • 

References. — .None necessary. 

RICKS. 

General locality. — Western shore of upper Chincoteague Bay, on point of marsh land about i '4 
miles northeast of Snow Hill Landing called Ricks Point. (See Chart No. 14.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on a marsh point about 20 yards west from a pool 
making into marsh, 20 yards south from shore and 90 yards north of shore. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — 

"Green Run Inlet Life-Saving Station flag- " ' " 

staff" iS 31° 48' E) ---- o 00 00 6X miles. 

Green Run Inlet Life-Saving Station cupola_. o 08 05 6>^ miles. 

Right tangent of Green Run woods 7 45 -_ 7 miles. 

Right tangent of pool 32 18 __ 20 yards. 

Right tangent of Martin Point 52 30 _- 4 >^ miles. 

Center of Purnell Hammock 57 22 __ 4 K miles. 

Left tangent of point 61 07 _- ^ m\\e. 

Guilbert windmill 83 26 .. i '.^ miles. 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 39 



Chimney near end of house ii8 37 __ i mile. 

To first of four points of land or line 189 54 _, 100 yards. 

Windmill on red tank 195 32 __ 2 miles. 

Center of thick woods 201 09 .. i>:^ miles. 

Right tangent of Kelleys Point 231 01 __ 2 miles. 

North Beach Life-Saving Station flagstaff 279 42 20 654 miles. 

Left tangent of pool 293 51 _. 40 yards. 

Left tangent of Robins marsh 329 2^s -- J<( mile. 

" Beacon Clumps" 332 26 25 3 3<^ miles. 

Mouth of pool 340 26 __ 30 yards. 

Right tangent of Robins marsh 349 02 __ 34 mile. 



MARYLAND-VIRGINLA LIFE-SAVING STATION BEACH). 

General localily. — Atlantic coast near ocean beach, on boundary line between Maryland and Vir- 
ginia and about ,'4 mile north-northeast of Pope Island Life-Saving Station. (See Chart No. 15.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on marsh and sand land about 230 yards northwest of 
high-water mark on beach, 75 yards west of top of sand dunes on inner edge of beach, and about 50 
yafds northwest of the Life-Saving Service telephone line .which runs along the beach in midst of bushes 
at this point. 

Marks. — Observed station is the center of an old granite monument (said to have been established 
many years ago) which marks the boundary between Maryland and Virginia. Top of monument is 
6 by 6 inches square and projects 18 inches above the ground. The top is marked with an east-and- 
west line from corner to corner and the letters "M" and "V" to indicate the Maryland and Virginia 
sides of the boundary, respectively. 
References. — 

"Pope Island Life-Saving Station" S 20° ° ' " 

12' W) o 00 00 X mile- 
Left peak of barn roof 5 39 __ ^ mile. 

"Maryland-Virginia Boundary, Pope Island"- _ 63 55 ._ J^ mile. 

Chimney on old house on Pope Island 68 41 __ ^ mile. 

Pine tree in cut toward " Mill" 92 55 .. j 4 mile. 

First telephone pole from end of bushes 195 52 __ 190 yards. 

Fifth telephone pole from end of bushes 205 25 __ 1 10 yards. 

Sixth telephone pole from end of bushes 263 06 __ 52 yards. 

Seventh telephone pole from end of bushes 

fourth frdm life-saving station) 330 58 .. 88 yards. 

Eighth pole signal pole at life-saving station), 357 03 __ J-4 mile. 

MARYLAND-VIRGINIA (POPE ISLAND). 

General locality. — Western side of Pope Bay on eastern side of Pope Island, about ,'4 mile north- 
east of its southern extremity and on boundary between Maryland and Virginia. (See Chart No. 15.) 
Immediate locality. — Observed station is on hard land 3 feet above high-water mark, about 10 
yards west of shore, 85 yards south of an old house, and 10 yards east of bushes. 

Marks. — Observed station is the center of an old granite monument projecting 18 inches above 
ground which marks the boundary between Maryland and Virginia. Top of monument is cut in a 
square 6 by 6 inches with an east-and-west line from corner to corner and the letters "M" and "V" to 
indicate the Maryland and Virginia sides of the boundary, respectively. 
References. — ° ' " 

" Pope Island Life-Saving Station " (S 73° 45' E)- o 00 00 ','mile. 

Right tangent of shanty 15 ^2 .. ^^4 mile. 

Right tangent of boathouse 40 22 __ >^ mile. 

Center of small island loi __ _. >4 mile. 

Tangent of Pope Island 113 38 __ X mile- 



40 ■ Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

o in 

Two large pines 139 07 _ >4 mile. 

Left of bushes 191 56 _. 10 yards. 

Near corner of old house 283 08 __ 83 yards. 

Point of land near life-saving station wharf 336 22 __ X "lilc. 

Drill pole near life-saving station 355 29 .. ■■■2 mile. 

POPE ISLAND LIFE-SAVING STATION (VIRGINIA). 

General locality . — Atlantic coast, on Pope Island Beach, about g'f miles northeasterly from " Assa- 
teague Light." (See Chart No. 15.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on the main building of the Pope Island Life-Saving 
Station, which is a gable roofed i!-2 -story wooden structure with a square lookout cupola. Pointed 
cap piece of cupola supports a weather vane in the form of a fish. 

Marks. — Observed station is center of weather-vane S|)indle. 

References. — None necessary. 

WILDCAT (VIRGINIA). 

General locality. — Northerly end of Chincoteague Island, on westerly side of Assateague Bay. (See 
Chart No. 15.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on marsh land, about ],4 mile south of upper end of island, 
known locally as Wildcat Point. It is inshore about 100 yards northwest of mouth of small marsh 
drain emptying into Assateague Bay. The marsh creek or drain makes a decided turn about 1 2 yards 
south of station. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — ° ' " 

"Assateague Light" (S 26° 06' W) o 00 00 i_ 5^4 miles. 

Right tangent of woods 29 48 .. i mile. 

"Killick Shoal Light" 30 37 40 4>|' miles 

First cedar 44 52 __ i>2 miles. 

Clump of cedars 66 __ __ i^ miles. 

A marshy island 100 __ __ i^ rniles. 

Right tangent of marshy island 130 14 ^. i J^ miles. 

Left tangent of Ragged Point 172 08 _. i mile. 

Shanty on Ragged Point 176 42 _. i mile. 

First tree on Ragged Point 209 11 _. i mile. 

Second tree on Ragged Point 210 41 ._ i mile. 

Sand dune 259 __ __ __ i mile. 

Smith Hammock sand dune 323 _ __ iX miles. 

Middle of boathouse on beach 335 52 __ 3 miles. 

A marsh tump 340 _- __ |^ mile. 

ASSATEAGUE LIGHT (VIRGINIA). 

General locality. — Southerly part of Assateague Island, seacoast of Virginia, about 2}4 miles from 
its southwesterly point. (See progress map.) 

Immediate locality. — Red tower, 154 feet above sea level and 129 feet above its own base, known 
as Assateague Light-House. 

Marks. — Observed station is center of black lantern. 

References. — None necessary. 

KILLICK vSHOAL LIGHT (VIRGINIA). 

General locality. — Southerly end of Chincoteague Bay, on Killick Shoals, oiT entrance of Chinco- 
teague Channel. (See progress map.) 

Immediate locality. — Screw pile structure known as Killick Shoal Light-House. 
Marks. — Observed station is center of black lantern. 
References. — None necessary. 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 41 

CHESTER (VIRGINIA). 

General locality. — Southern and western shores of Chincoteague Bay, about yi mile south of shore 
of bay and y^ mile east of solid land known locally as Mosquito Point Farm. (See progress map.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on a mound of dry land surrounded by marsh, known 
locally as Fox Hill. It is on the highest point and near the apex of the mound, which is V-shaped 
and about 15 feet above high water at the station. The mound gradually falls off to the level of the 
marsh from the station to the ends of the V, which are both about 130 yards distant, and at the 
extreme ape.x, which is about 2$ yards to the north. Reference station is 5. 82 meters N 80° 51' W of 
the observed station. 

.Mark.f. — Observed station is center of tile pipe surrounded Ijy cement with top flush with ground. 
Reference station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — ° ' " 

" Assateague Light" (S 59° 59' E) o 00 00 534 miles. 

Tower on Wallops Beach Life-Saving Sta- 
tion 60 44 ._ 5^ miles. 

Cupola of barn 135 53 __ J^ mile. 

Reference STATION 159 08 10 5. 82 meters. 

"Grace M. E. Church" j. 274 27 .. 5I4' miles. 

" Killick Shoal Light" 333 30 ._ 3>2 miles. 

West spire of Union Baptist Church at Chin- 
coteague 348 15 .. 4 miles. 

LONG POINT (VIRGINIA). 

General locality. — Western shore of lower Chincoteague Bay, near Long Point, about X mile east 
of Franklin City. (See Chart No. 15.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is on marsh land about 40 yards from end of point of main- 
land, 30 yards southwest of shore and 20 yards north of shore. A small marsh island is located about 
200 yards east of the station, which was once a part of the mainland and known as Long Point. Ref- 
erence station is 1 1.81 meters N 42° 37' W of the observed station. 

Marks. — Observed station is center of tile pipe set in cement with top flush with the ground. 
Reference station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — ° ' " 

"Mifl" (N 38° 07' E) o 00 00 4 miles. 

"Assateague Light" 133 26 15 6J^ miles. 

" Killick Shoal Light" 144 32 25 4>^ miles. 

End of wharf at Franklin City 222 33 _. >^ mile. 

M. P. Church 252 32 30 . i mile. 

Grace M. E. Church (tall spire) 259 07 30 3^ mile. 

Grace M. E. Church (short spire) 259 38 35 '-i' mile. 

Reference STATION 279 16 00 n. 81 meters. 

GRACE M. E. CHURCH (VIRGINIA). 

General locality. — Western shore of lower Chincoteague Bay, about i^ mile northwest of railway 
wharf at Franklin City. (See Chart No. 15.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is the taller of two towers on church known as Grace M. E. 
Church. 

Marks. — Observed station is center of pointed tower or spire. 

References. — None necessary. 

MONEY (VIRGINIA). 

General locality. — Western shore of lower Chincoteague Bay, about i mile west -northwest of Long 
Point, on northern edge of town of Greenbackville, and just south of Maryland-Virginia boundary. 
(See Chart No. 15.) 



42 Survey oj Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is about 70 yards northeast of railway on a sandy rise of 
ground about 15 feet above level of track. It is about 25 yards south of the Maryland-Virginia boundary 
and 30.43 meters S 38° 28' E of broken stone boundary monument. At the station, "Assateague 
Light" shows almost tangent to third house north of Grace M. E. Church. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument buried with 
top 30 inches below surface of ground 

References. — ° ' " 

"Grace M. E. Church" I S 21° 23' E) o 00 00 250 yards. 

" Assateague Light " 7 46 49 7 X miles. 

M. P. Church 65 46 20 X mile. 

Center chimney on square house 117 11 _. 100 yards. 

"Maryland-Virginia Railroad)" (boundary 

stone) 162 55 26 30. 43 meters. 

"LongPoint" 324 45 43 _.._*__ i mile. 

Left chimney of two close together 330 48 __ 150 yards. 

Small tower Greenbackville Church 359 00 30 250 yards. 

MARVLAND^VIRGI\L\ (RAILROAD). 

General locality. — Western shore of lower Chincoteague Bay, inland about i mile west-northwest 
of Long Point, on boundary line between Maryland and Virginia. (See Chart No. 15.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is about 80 yards northeast of railroad on a sandy rise of- 
ground about 15 feet above level of track. It is on the edge of an excavation in this sand hill and is 
likely to be undermined any time by the carting away of sand for building purposes. The standard 
cement monument marking triangulation station "Money" is buried with its top 30 inches below 
surface of ground 30.43 meters S 38° 28' E true from station. 

Marks. — Observed station is the center of a square-top granite monument projecting 18 inches 
above ground which marks the boundary between Maryland and Virginia. Top of monument when 
visited in December, 1907, was broken loose and resting on the undisturbed part of the stone buried 
in the ground. This top was cut in a square 6 by 6 inches with an east-and-west line from side to side 
and the letters "M" and "V" to indicate the Maryland and \'irginia side of the boundary, respectively 

References. — None observed. 

MILL. 

General locality. — Western shore of Chincoteague Bay, on the northern part of Mill Island. (See 
Chart No. 15.) 

Immediate locality. — Observed station is the highest point of the island, on a hill about 20 feet 
above high water which is located about '2 mile southwest of the upper end of the island. It is about 
40 yards east by south of an abandoned house and sheds and about '4 mile north of another abandoned 
house. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — ° ' " 

"Assateague Light " (S 8° 59' W) o 00 00 10 miles 

Right tangent of Chincoteague Island 11 54 __ 10 miles. 

Knoll on this island 15 ._ _. J^ mile. 

Tree (8 inches diameter) 21 46 __ 40 yards. 

Tree (8 inches diameter) 42 20 _, 70 yards. 

Tree (18 inches diameter) 54 27 .- 39. 30 meters. 

Near corner of old house ' 62 43 40 36. 88 meters. 

Next corner of old house 70 28 .. 37. 64 meters. 

Cupola on large house 138 25 __ iK miles. 

Chimneys on white house 139 11 __ 2 miles. 

Near end of large barn 186 47 .. 4', miles. 

"Landlet" and right of trees at Purnell 

Hammock 195 10 ^^ 3^ miles. 

Dead tree and 2 cedars 213 52 ,. yi mUe. 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 



43 



Right tangent of Assacorkin Island 235 34 

Left of " Green Run " woods 238 40 

"Pope Island Life-Saving Station" 286 

Left tangent of first building on Ragged 

Point 323 39 

Left tangent of Chincoteague Island 341 06 

Chimney of old house 349 27 

TIZZ. 



^ mile. 

6J^ miles. 

05 _- 4J'4 miles. 



4', miles. 
5 miles. 
'4 mile. 



General locality. — Western side of Chincoteague Bay on Tizzard Island. (See Chart No. 15.) 
Immediate locality. — Observed station is on the highest point on the island, about 15 feet above 
high water, about 3-4 mile from e.xtreme southeastern point of island, and about 75 yards north of 
shore ling of island. 

Marks. — Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 
References. — , o / // 

"Assateague Light" (S 6° 35' W) o 

Right of woods at Chincoteague :o 

Smoke pipe of shanty 18 

Chimney on first house at Stockton 23 

Church steeple at Franklin City 28 

Church steeple, Greenbackville 30 

Two chimneys on gambrel roof 40 

Near chimney of white house loi 

Near chimney of another white house 106 

Chimney on large unpainted barn 113 

Two chimneys on large house 119 

Chimney of yellow building 165 

Large white barn igg 

Purnell Hammock 213 

Green Run Inlet Life-Saving Station flagstaff.. 256 

"Pope Island Life-Saving Station" 299 

Left tangent Assacorkin Island 316 

Left tangent of Mill Island 325 

Left of woods at Chincoteague 350 



00 00 

38 -- 
52 __ 
^7 -- 
-3 ' - - 
02 30 



53 

07 -- ..'- 

19 __ 3 miles. 

59 _. 4 miles. 

58 __ 4 miles. 

_. __ 3% miles. 

20 '7Js miles. 

50 5^^ miles. 

.. I's miles. 

-- lyi miles. 





12 


miles. 




i.S 


miles 




3 


miles. 


3>4 


miles. 


-5, 


}i 


miles. 


.S 


■2' 


miles. 


I 


H 


miles. 


2 


■4 


miles. 


2 


^-4 


miles. 




2 


miles. 



55 
34 
14 
17 
52 .. 12 miles. 



BOUNDARIEvS OF OYSTER BARS. 

EXPLANATION. 

The law of the United States authorizing the cooperation of the Department of 
Commerce and Labor in the survey of natural oyster bars of Maryland provides for the 
designation and employment by the Department of Commerce and Labor of such officers, 
experts, and other technically qualified persons "as may be necessary to cooperate with 
the Maryland State Board of Shell Fish Commissioners in making a survey of and locating 
the natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland." 
The oyster laws of Maryland provide that the Maryland Shell Fish Commissioners, with 
the aid of such persons as may be designated by the Government, shall proceed "to 
have laid out, surveyed, and designated on the said charts the natural beds and bars, 
and shall cause to be marked and defined as accurately as practicable the limits and 
boundaries of the natural beds, bars, and rocks as established by said survey, and they 
shall take true and accurate notes of said survey in writing, and make an accurate report 
of said survey, setting forth such a description of landmarks as may be necessary to 
enable the said board, or their successors, to find and ascertain the boundary lines of 
the said natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks, as shown by a delineation on the maps 
and charts." The oyster laws of Maryland also provide in another section that there 
shall "be made a true and accurate survey of the natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks 
* * * with reference to fixed and permanent objects on the shore, giving courses 
and distances, to be fully described and set out in a written report of said survey." 

Under the provisions of the laws quoted above the State of Maryland, in coopera- 
tion with the Department of Commerce and Labor, must define the boundaries of the 
natural oyster bars "as accurately as practicable" and also "with reference to fixed and 
permanent objects on the shore, giving courses and distances." The requirement of 
"as accurately as practicable" is easily fulfilled by definition of the location of the cor- 
ners of the oyster bars by latitude and longitude. In fact, this method is probablv the 
most satisfactor}' and accurate one that could be used for all purposes of legal definition 
or for relocation of the oyster-bar boundaries by competent engineers. Therefore the 
additional requirement of "giving courses and distances" is superfluous and is only 
fulfilled in the published definitions on account of the specific provisions of the law 
making it compulsory. This part of the description of boundaries has involved an 
immense amount of extra computations in order to prevent technical discrepancies 
between the latitude and longitude of a corner of an oyster bar and its distance and 
bearing from objects on shore of known latitude and longitude without adding anything 
to the accuracy and very little to the convenience of practical use of the descriptions 
of the oyster-bar boundaries. 

As provided by law the boundaries of the oyster bars are all straight lines, but in 
the work already completed they have inclosed areas of all shapes from triangles to 
complicated 14-sided figures, and of all sizes from 4 acres to 7,548 acres. The sides 
44 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 45 

have varied in length from 93 to 7,529 yards, and in some cases the corners of the bound- 
aries have been practically at the triangulation stations from which they are located, 
while in other instances they were over 13,600 yards from the landmarks most available 
for the purpose of fixing their position. 

The varied characteristics of the legal boundaries of the oyster bars indicated by 
the above statement, together with the complicated requirements of the law under 
which the survey has been made and the magnitude of the work with the consequent 
need of fixed and uniform methods, have made the problem of describing the boundaries 
one of considerable difficulty and great importance. 

The boundaries of the oyster bars of Maryland, as established by the Shell Fish 
Commission and delineated on the Coast and Geodetic Survey charts and projections 
and on the leasing charts of the Commission, are technically defined and described by a 
method somewhat different from that used in other oyster surveys. But it is believed 
that the forms finally adopted will fulfill all needs of the survey for both the present and 
future. 

METHOD OF DESCRIBING BOUNDARIES. 

The descriptions have been arranged in tabular form, thus avoiding manv hundred 
repetitions of the same words by making one explanation of the tables sufficient for all 
oyster bars in each county. 

Title. — At the top of each tabular form is given the legal name of the oyster bar to 
be described, and the one by which it is known and designated in the published oyster 
records and on the oyster charts. The adopted name of the oyster bar is the one used 
locally, as nearly as could be ascertained by the hydrographic engineer of the Commis- 
sion; and when there was no local name in common use a name was selected from one 
of the prominent features of the vicinity that would naturally suggest the section of 
.the waters where the oyster bar was located. 

Underneath the name, in parentheses, is given the general locality of the oyster 
bar and the serial number of the "Maryland Oyster Chart" on which its legal boundaries 
are shown." 

First column. — This column, under the heading of "Comer of bar," gives the num- 
ber corresponding to the corner of the boundary as shown on the charts and to the 
number on the buoy marking the actual corner of the bar. The numbers of the corners 
have been assigned by naming the southernmost point No. i, thence proceeding in a 
clockwise direction around the bar; but where a comer of one oyster bar is identical 
with the comer of the boundaries of one or more other oyster bars only the number of 
the comer of the oyster bar being described in the table is given in this column. 

Second and third columns. — These two columns, under the headings of "Latitude" 
and "Longitude," give the geographic positions of the corners. These positions have 
been adopted by the Commission as the primary technical definition of the location of 
the corners, and should be considered as final in case of a dispute arising from discrep- 
ancies caused by other means of location. The latitudes and longitudes given in these 
columns are based on the United States standard datum of the Coast and Geodetic 
Survey, and the points thus defined can be relocated from distant triangulation stations 

» These charts can be obtained by application to the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic 
Survey at Washington, D. C. 



46 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

of the Survej', even though all the landmarks and buoys originally used for their loca- 
tion have been destroyed by natural or other causes. 

Fourth and fi/th columns. — These two columns, under the general heading of "True 
bearing"" and the specific headings "Forward" and "Back," give bearings measured 
from a true north-and-south line. The three "Forward" bearings are from the corner 
of the boundary designated in the first column to the triangulation stations named on 
the corresponding lines in the last column, and the three "Back" bearings are from 
these same stations in the last column to the corresponding corner of boundary in the 
first column. The difference in minutes of arc between the forward and back bearings 
shown in some cases is actual and not accidental, and is due to the fact that the com- 
putations took into account the spheroidal shape of the earth. 

Sixth co/jimn. — This column, under the heading of "Distance," gives the three 
computed distances in yards from the corner of the bar noted in the first column to the 
three triangulation stations named on the corresponding lines in the last column, and 
vice versa. 

Seventh column. — This column, under the heading of "U. S. C. & G. S. triangula- 
tion station," ' gives the names of the landmarks from which were computed the cor- 
responding "Latitude," "Longitude," "True bearing," and "Distance" of the "Corner 
of the bar" designated in the first column. A full description of the location and mark- 
ings of these triangulation stations is given in another part of this publication under 
the heading of "Descriptions of triangulation stations." 

SURVEYING METHODS FOR RELOC.\TION OF BOUND.VRIES. 

There are a number of methods that can be used in the relocation of the actual 
boundaries of the natural oyster bars as technically described in this publication and 
delineated on the published charts of the Coast and Geodetic vSurvey and the leasing 
charts of the Shell Fish Commission. 

The following brief descriptions of five of these more or less different methods 
assume a certain amount of experience and knowledge on the part of the engineer in 
the particular kind of surveying under consideration, and are only intended as reminders 
of ways and means that can be used. 

There are two problems that are likely to present themselves to those interested in 
the boundaries of natural oyster bars: One, to determine whether the buoys marking 
the corners have been dragged or otherwise moved from their correct positions, and the 
other, to relocate or reestablish a buoy at the point from which it was removed. The 
different ways of solving these two problems partly depend upon the instruments 
possessed by the engineer and his assistants and partly on his training and experience. 

(i) Trianqidation. — This method is the one that will give the greatest accuracy, 
but on account of its requiring special data and instruments, and being an operation 
rarely used by engineers not engaged in geodetic surveying, it is recommended only for 
cases in dispute that can not be settled satisfactorily by some other method. An 
explanation of this class of work would be too long for a report of this sort, and those 

"■ The mean magnetic variation for Worcester County was 5° 55' west of north in 1909 and increas- 
ing at the rate of 3>^' yearly. 

* Geographic positions of these triangulation stations can be obtained by application to the Super- 
intendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, D. C. 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 47 

not familiar with this method are referred to the publications on the subject by the 
Coast and Geodetic Survey. 

(2) Hydrographic. — This method is the most simple and satisfactory one that can 
be adopted if the surveyor can obtain the use of the necessary instruments and assistants. 
It is the one best suited for the work of the engineers of the Commission in relocating 
corners of boundaries, as it gives results of the accuracy ordinarily required and is rapid 
in execution. Besides, it has the advantage of being available whenever three triangu- 
lation stations of suitable relative positions are visible from the offshore points needing 
relocation. 

Most navigators and others familiar with the use of a sextant are well acquainted 
with the graphic three-point method of fixing a position on water, and only a brief 
description of the operation will be stated. 

In the case where there is only one engineer having a single sextant, the three-point 
method can be used if the two angles determining the position of a buoy are first 
derived from the "Forward" bearings given in the tabular forms describing the bound- 
aries of the oyster bars. For example, take "South Point" bar, which is the first 
one described in this publication, and assume that "Corner No. 3," is to be examined 
as to its position. The angle between the two landmarks "Birch" and "Neck" as 
determined from right to left from the forward bearings from this corner is 59° 11' and 
the angle between "Neck" and "Newport" is 49° 44'. Having these two angles, the 
engineer proceeds to the buoy of doubtful location and measures the actual sextant 
angles between the landmarks for which the calculations were made. If the meas- 
ured and calculated angles do not agree the buoy is not in its correct position and the 
boundary corner must be relocated. This is accomplished by moving the boat about 
until a point is reached where the angles do agree, and this point being the desired 
location, the buoy can be placed in its correct position. 

If the engineer can obtain the use of both a sextant and a three-arm protractor 
("position finder"), the availability of the hydrographic method is increased, as the use 
of the protractor is essential in case of the washing away or destruction of one or more 
of the landmarks originally used in describing the boundaries. Under these circum- 
stances, any three landmarks of suitable relative position that are visible from the 
point to be located can be utilized. For example, the engineer can proceed to the buoy 
of doubtful position and measure the two adjacent sextant angles between the three 
landmarks selected. These two angles are set off on the three-arm protractor and the 
actual position of the buoy plotted on the chart by shifting the protractor about until 
the edge of each of the three arms passes through the center of the symbols on the 
chart marking the position of the three landmarks selected. The center of the hub of 
the protractor will indicate on the chart the actual position of the buoy, and if the 
point thus obtained does not coincide with the true position of the corner of the bound- 
ary as given on the chart, the surveyor can proceed to locate the buoy correctly by 
reversing the operation. This is done by placing the center point of the hub of the 
protractor over the corner of the boundary in question and measuring on the chart 
the two adjacent protractor angles between the three selected landmarks. One of the 
angles thus obtained is set on the sextant and the boat moved about until the two 
landmarks are shown by the sextant to subtend the same angle obtained from the 



48 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

protractor. The second angle is then placed on the sextant and the same operation 
gone through, and so on, first using one angle on the sextant then the other until a 
point is reached where both observed sextant angles are practically identical with 
the protractor angles. The point thus located is the desired one and the buoy can 
be placed to mark the true position of the corner of the boundary in question. 

If the engineer possesses two sextants and a protractor, this problem is far easier 
of solution, as the two angles can be set off on separate se.xtants and the observer can 
quickly find the desired point where they agree with the protractor angles by using one 
sextant after the other without the need of resetting either. 

If there are two observers, two sextants, and a protractor, it can be seen that the 
best conditions for both rapid and accurate hydrographic locations of points are attained; 
in fact, this is the method by which the buoys at the corners of the boundaries were 
originally placed by the hydrographic engineer to the Commission. 

(3) Magnetic bearings from offshore. — -This method of fixing a position on water is 
a simple and well-known one in navigation. It is available to anyone having a boat 
compass and will be of special use to the State fishery force in investigating cases where 
buoys are supposed to have been moved for illegal purposes. 

In the case where a buoy is supposed to have been moved from its true position 
the observer takes compass bearings to the three landmarks given in the last column of 
the tables opposite the boundary corner in question. These bearings are then corrected 
for the local declination," and if the results agree with the published bearings the buoy 
is correctly located. 

In the case where the buoy is not in its correct position, or has disappeared 
altogether, the desired point can be determined by maneuvering the vessel until the 
corrected bearings agree with the ones in the tabular descriptions, when the buoy can 
be anchored in its proper location. 

In the case where the landmarks for which the bearings are published have been 
destroyed or washed away, any landmarks whose positions are indicated on the charts 
can be used by getting their bearings directly from the chart by parallel rulers or a 
protractor and then applying them in the same manner as the ones published in the 
tables. 

(4) Magnetic hearings from shore. — This method will be of special value to engineers 
having an ordinary surveyor's compass. The compass can be set over the point mark- 
ing a " triangulation station" on shore, the name of which is given in the last column 
opposite the "corner" in question. The instrument is then set at the corresponding 
"back" bearing (corrected for local magnetic declination) given in the fourth column 
of the tables opposite the "'corner" in question, and the direction thus determined will 
give one range on which the desired point must be located. The compass can then be 
moved to a second triangulation station and another range located in a similar manner. 
The intersection of these two range lines will give the desired point ; but in general it 
should be checked by an additional range line determined from a third station. 

(5) Horizontal angles measured at landmarks . — This process is a modification of the 
triangulation method, and will be useful to engineers who have a transit and desire 
considerable accuracy. 



"• The mean magnetic variation for Worcester County is 5° 55' west of north in 1909 and increasing 
at the rate of 2i)4' yearly. 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 



49 



The instrument is placed over a " triangulation station," the name of which appears 
in the last column of the tabular description opposite the "corner" in question. The 
telescope is then pointed to the landmark indicated in the "Descriptions of landmarks" 
as having a direction of o° oo' oo" from the triangulation station being occupied by the 
transit. The tabular description of the boundaries is next examined and the "back" 
bearing of the questionable boundary "comer" from the landmark being occupied is 
taken out. The angle calculated from this "back" bearing and the bearing g^ven in 
parentheses alongside the zero landmark in the "Descriptions of landmarks" is then 
set off on the transit, and a range line established on which the desired point must be 
located. A similar process is then carried on at a second station, and so on until the 
position of the buoy is satisfactorily fixed. 

BOUNDARIES OF NATURAL OYSTER BARS. 

SOUTH POINT. 

{Newport Bay — Charts Nos. ij and 14.) 



Cor- 
ner 


Latitude 


Longitude 


True bearing 


Distance 


U. S. C. & G. S. trianeula- 


of 
bar 


Forward 


Back 


tion station 


I 


/ w 
38 12 03.48 


/ // 
75 13 05-54 


N 
N 
N 


/ 

53 17 E 
19 15 E 
71 48 W 


/ 

S 53 18 W 
S 19 16 W 
S 71 49 E 


Yards. 
2683 
4408 
3082 


Birch. 
Neck. 
Handys Hammock. 


2 


38 12 26. lO 


75 13 18.36 


N 
N 
N 


71 22 E 
27 50 E 
85 34 W" 


S 71 23 W 
vS 27 50 w 
S 85 35 E 


2628 
3844 
2595 


Birch. 
Neck. 
Handys Hammock. 


3 


38 12 48.39 


75 13 04. 82 


N 
N 
\ 


87 38 E 
28 27 E 
21 17 W 


S 87 38 W 
S 28 27 W 
S 21 18 E 


2133 
301 1 
3024 


Birch. 
Neck. 
Newport. 


4 


38 12 34.39 


75 12 47. 18 


N 
N 
N 


71 22 E 
17 12 E 
25 28 W 


S 71 23 W 
S 17 12 W 
S 25 29 E 


1753 
3265 

3644 


Birch. 
Neck. 

Newport. 



HANDYS HAMMOCK. 
[Newport Bay — Charts Nos. ij and 14.) 





/ // 


Of ft 


1 


/ 


Yards. 




I 


38 12 06. 72 


75 14 10.98 


N 69 00 E 
N 8 54 E 
N 54 17 W 


S 69 01 W 
S 8 55 W 
S 54 17 E 


4168 

4275 
1462 


Birch. 

Newport. 

Handys Hammock. 


2 


38 12 08. 22 


75 14 20. 24 


N 70 45 E 
N 12 17 E 
N 49 31 W 


S 70 47 w 
S 12 17 W 
S 49 31 E 


4381 
4270 
1236 


Birch. 

Newport. 

Handys Hammock. 


3 


38 12 23.50 


75 14 26.40 


N 77 49 E 
N 16 20 E 
N 69 41 W 


S 77 51 W 
S 16 21 W 
S 6g 41 E 


4400 

381 1 
828 


Birch. 

Newport. 

Handys Hammock. 


4 


38 12 23.64 


75 14 13- 18 


N 76 48 E 
N II 09 E 
N 75 56 W 


S 76 50 W 
S II 10 w 
S 75 56 E 


4046 

3723 
1 164 


Birch. 

Newport. 

Handys Hammock. 



82497—09- 



50 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

NEWPORT. 
(Newport Bay — Clmrts Nos. 13 and 14.) 



Cor- 






True bearing 






ner 


Latitude 


Longitude 






Distance 




ot 
bar 


Forward 


Back 


tion station 


I 


/ // 
38 II 48.98 


/ // 

75 13 32.00 


/ 

N 53 46 E 
N 4 27 W 
N 56 52 W 


/ 

S 53 47 W 
S 4 27 E 
S 56 53 E 


'Yards. 

3538 
4836 
2656 


Birch. 

Newport. 

Handys Hammock. 


2 


38 II 50.08 


75 13 52.90 


N 58 55 E 
N 2 10 E 
N 49 42 W 


S 58 57 W 
S 2 "10 w 
S 49 43 E 


3981 
4788 
2187 


Birch. 

Newport. 

Handys Hammock. 


3 


38 12 06. 38 


75 13 44- 00 


N 64 37 E 
N 4:; W 
N 65 34 W 


S 64 38 VV 
S 45 E 
S 65 35 E 


3512 
4234 
2092 


Birch. 

Newport. 

Handys Hammock. 


4 


38 12 II. 78 


75 13 23-40 


N 63 15 E 
N 8 28 W 
N 74 26 \V 


S 63 16 w 
S 8 29 E 

S 74 27 E 


2938 
4097 

2546 


Birch. 

Newport. 

Handys Hammock. 



LAMBERTSON LANDING. 
{Upper Chincoicague Bay — Chart No. 14.) 



I 


Of fl 

38 II 19.54 


/ // 
75 14 54-94 


N 
N 
S 


/ 

58 38 E 
80 24 w 
26 23 w 


s 
s 

N 


/ 

58 40 w 
80 24 E 
26 22 E 


Yards. 
5926 

2445 
3350 


Birch. 

Handys Hammock. 

Ricks! 


2 


38 II 48. 19 


75 15 08.00 


s 

N 

N 


16 02 w 
68 36 E 

12 35 E 


N 

S 
S 


16 02 E 
68 38 W 
12 36 W 


4127 
5808 
1515 


Ricks. 
Birch. 
Handys Hammock. 


3 


38 II 58.98 


75 14 53-63 


S 

N 

N 


19 28 W 

70 44 E 

2 41 W 


N 
S 
S 


19 28 E 

70 46 w 

2 41 E 


4593 
5324 
1115 


Ricks. 
Birch. 
Handys Hammock. 


4 


38 II 46.83 


75 14 34- 34 


N 
N 
S 


64 22 E 
20 21 W 

27 27 w 


s 
s 

N 


64 24 w 

20 21 E 

27 26 E 


5004 
1625 
4418 


Birch. 

Handys Hammock. 

Ricks. 


5 


38 II 38.04 


75 14 41-03 


N 
N 
S 


62 18 E 
1 2 1 w 
27 09 \v 


s 
s 

N 


62 20 W 
12 01 E 
27 08 E 


5296 
1861 
4073 


Birch. 

Handys Hammock. 

Ricks. 



ENNIS. 
{Upper Chincoicague Bay — Chart No. 14.) 





/ 


ff 


/ 


/ 


/ 


/ 


Yards. 




I 


38 II 


13-38 


75 14 17 


68 


N 51 01 E 
N 20 49 W 
S 41 37 W 


S 51 03 \V 
S 20 so E 

N 41 36 E 


5234 
2837 
3735 


Birch. 

Handys Hammock. 
Ricks' 


2 


38 II 


38.04 


75 14 41 


03 


N 62 18 E 
N 12 01 W 
S 27 09 W 


S 62 20 W 
S 12 01 E 

N 27 08 E 


5296 
1861 
4073 


Birch. 

Handys Hammock. 

Ricks. 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

ENNIS— Continued. 
(Upper Chincoteague Bay — Chart No. 14) — Continued. 



51 



Cor 


Latitude 


Longitude 


True bearing 


Distance 


U. S. C. & G. S. triangula- 


of 
bar 


Forward 


Back 




tion station 


3 

4 


/ t> 
38 II 46.83 

38 II 24.96 


/ // 

75 14 34-34 

75 13 59- 52 


N 
N 
S 

N 
N 
S 


/ 

64 22 E 
20 21 W 

27 27 w 

51 01 E 
33 25 W 
42 57 W 


/ 

S 64 24 

S 20 2 1 

N 27 26 

S 51 02 
S 33 25 
N 42 56 


E 
E 

W" 
E 
E 


Yards. 
5004 
162s 

4418 

4613 
2709 

4349 


Birch. 

Handys Hammock. 

Ricks. 

Birch. 

Handvs Hammock. 

Ricks! 



TURPIN. 
{Upper Chincoteague Bay — Chart No. 14.) 





/ « 


/ // 


/ 




/ 


Yards. 




1 


38 10 21. 84 


75 14 43-82 


N 43 26 E 
N 4 OS W 
S 59 25 W 


S 
S 

N 


43 28 W 

4 05 E 

59 24 E 


6929 
4401 
2072 


Birch. 

Handys Hammock 

Ricks. 


2 


38 10 34. 30 


75 14 45-38 


N 46 II E 
N 3 55 W 
S 49 46 w 


S 
S 

N 


46 13 w 

3 55 E 

49 45 E 


6660 

3978 
2283 


Birch. 

Handvs Hammock. 

Ricks! 


3 


38 10 26. 78 


75 14 27.84 


N 41 44 E 
N 9 57 W 
S 61 04 W 


S 

s 

N 


41 46 W 
9 57 E 

61 03 E 


6si8 
4288 
2525 


Birch. 

Handys Hammock. 

Ricks! 



SANDY POINT. 

{Upper Chincoteague Bay — Chart No. 14.) 





/ // 


/ // 




° ' 




/ 


Yards. 




I 


38 09 51. 26 


75 14 32-04 


N 
S 
S 


6 36 \V 
89 II W 
46 14 E 


S 

N 

N 


6 36 E 
89 10 E 
46 13 W 


5457 
2099 
4828 


Handvs Hanmiock. 

Ricks! 

Beacon Clump=. 


2 


38 09 56. 78 


75 14 40. 00 


N 
S 
S 


4 32 W 
83 39 W 
46 26 E 


S 

N 
N 


4 32 E 
83 39 E 
46 24 W 


5251 
1897 

5105 


Handys Hammock. 

Ricks! 

Beacon Clumps. 


3 


38 10 08.48 


75 14 36.78 


N 
S 
S 


5 54 W 
72 58 W 
42 43 E 


S 

N 
N 


5 54 E 
72 57 E 
42 42 W 


4867 
2063 

5325 


Handvs Hammock. 

Ricks! 

Beacon Clumps. 


4 


38 10 05. 78 


75 14 22.98 


N 
S 
S 


9 59 W 
77 38 W 
40 20 E 


S 
N 

N 


9 59 E 

77 37 E 
40 22 W 


5008 
2395 
5014 


Handvs Hammock. 

Ricks! 

Beacon Clumps. 



52 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

ROBINS MARSH. 
{Upper Chincoieague Bay — Chart No. 14.) 



Cor- 
ner 


Latitude 


Longitude 


True bearing 


Distance 


U. S. C. & G. S. triangula- 


of 
bar 


Forward 


Back 


tion station 


I 


^ // 
38 09 06. 48 


/ r/ 

75 15 35- 79 


N 
S 
S 


/ 

15 05 w 

83 42 w 
35 48 W 


/ 

S 15 06 E 

N 83 41 E 
N 35 46 E 


Yards. 

1539 
2630 
5328 


Ricks. 

Guilberts Cupola. 

Landlet. 


2 


38 09 22.32 


75 15 53- 78 


N 
S 
S 


4 42 H 
68 =56 W 
28 35 W 


S 4 42 w 
N 68 55 E 
X 28 34 E 


955 
2287 

5536 


Ricks. 

Guilberts Cupola. 
Landlet. 


3 


38 09 35. 39 


75 15 42.96 


N 

S 

s 


22 19 W 
62 28 w 
62 31 E 


S 22 19 E 
N 62 27 E 
N 62 29 W 


552 
2733 
6060 


Ricks. 

Guilberts Cupola. 
Beacon Clumps. 


4 


38 09 40. 61 


75 14 49- 94 


N 

S 

s 


78 19 w 
69 26 W" 

53 08 E 


S 78 20 E 
N 69 2s E 

N 53 06 W 


1656 
4096 
4955 


Ricks. 

Guilberts Cupola. 
Beacon Clumps. 


5 


38 09 2Q. 59 


75 14 46- 23 


N 
S 

s 


67 39 ^\' 
74 50 W 
56 03 E 


S 67 40 E 
N 74 48 E 
.\ 56 02 W 


i860 
4076 
4659 


Ricks. 

Guilberts Cupola. 
Beacon Clumps. 


6 


38 og 27. 20 


75 15 03.23 


N 

s 
s 


58 09 W 
74 II W 

59 43 E 


S s8 10 E 
N 74 09 E 
N 59 41 W 


1493 
3619 
5000 


Ricks. 

Guilberts Cupola. 

Beacon Clumps. 


7 


38 09 14. 54 


75 15 08.41 


N 

s 
s 


42 56 w 
80 30 W 
64 50 E 


S 42 s6 E 
N 80 28 E 
N 64 48 W 


1658 
3390 
4923 


Ricks. 

Guilberts Cupola. 
Beacon Clumps. 



SCARBORO CREEK. 
{Upper Chincoieague Bay — Chart No. 14.) 



I 


/ // 
38 08 40. 78 



75 


1 6 00. 00 


.N 
N 
S 


/ 

5 55 E 
73 38 W 
35 34 W 


S 

s 

N 


/ 

5 55 W 
73 37 E 
i5 33 E 


Yards. 

2365 
2053 
4249 


Ricks. 

Guilberts Cupola. 
Landlet. 


2 


38 09 04. 47 


75 


16 08. 42 


N 
S 
S 


16 46 E 
82 48 W 
27 50 W 


S 

N 
N 


16 46 \V 
82 49 E 
27 50 E 


1623 
1760 
4812 


Ricks. 

Guilberts Cupola. 

Landlet. 


3 


38 09 22. 32 


75 


15 53-78 


N 
S 
S 


4 42 E 
68 56 \V 
28 35 W 


S 

N 
N 


4 42 \V 

68 S5 E 

28 34 E 


955 

2287 
5536 


Ricks. 

Guilberts Cupola. 
Landlet. 


4 


38 09 06. 48 


75 


15 35- 79 


N 
S 
S 


15 05 \v 

83 42 w 
35 48 W 


S 

N 
N 


I s 06 E 
83 41 E 
35 46 E 


1539 
2630 
5328 


Ricks. 

Guilberts Cupola. 

Landlet. 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md, 

SOUTHWEST. 
{Upper Chincoteague Bay — Chart No. 14.) 



53 



Cor- 


Latitude 


Longitude 


— 


True bearing 


Distance 


U. S. C. & G. S. triangula- 


of 
bar 


Forward 


Back 


tion station 




/ // 


/ // 




r 


/ 


Yards. 




I 


38 08 32.04 


75 15 26.63 


N 
N 
S 


13 41 w 
73 o' W 
46 45 W 


S 13 41 E 
S 73 02 E 
N 46 44 E 


2724 
2988 
4613 


Ricks. 

Guilberts Cupola. 
Landlet. 


2 


38 08 32. II 


75 15 38.94 


N 
N 
S 


6 so \V 
71 01 W 

43 47 W 


S 6 50 E 
S 71 02 E 

N 43 46 E 


2664 
2676 
4382 


Ricks. 

Guilberts Cupola. 

Landlet. 


3 


38 08 47.04 


75 15 30.98 


N 
N 
S 


13 52 w 

82 22 w 
41 26 w 


S 13 52 E 
S 82 23 E 
N 41 25 E 


2206 
2767 
4902 


Ricks, 

Guilberts Cupola. 

Landlet. 



PURNELL H.A.MMOCK. 
(Middle Chincoteague Bay — Chart No. 14.) 





/ 


« 


/ 'f 




/ 


/ 


Yards. 




1 


38 06 


06.82 


75 16 59.60 


S 

N 
S 


77 09 E 
26 59 W 
53 51 W 


N 77 07 W 
S 27 00 E 
N 53 49 E 


5797 
1947 
5879 


Turnagain. 

Landlet, 

Tizz. 


2 


38 06 


1 1 ■ 34 


75 17 15-40 


S 
N 
S 


76 39 E 
l6 18 W 
50 04 W 


N 76 37 W 
S 16 18 E 
N 50 02 E 


6242 
1649 
5641 


Turnagain. 

Landlet. 

Tizz. 


3 


38 06 


15. 60 


75 17 13-42 


s 

N 

s 


75 15 E 
19 40 \V 
49 19 \V 


N 75 13 W 
S 19 40 E 

N 49 17 E 


6226 

1528 
5774 


Turnagain. 

Landlet. 

Tizz. 



BEEF CREEK. 

{Middle Chincoteague Bay — Charts Xos. 14 and /j;.) 





/ // 





/ w 


/ 


/ 


Yards. 




' 


38 05 51.48 


75 


17 5241 


N 13 05 E 

S 48 32 W 
S 28 23 w 


S n OS \v 

N 48 31 E 
N 28 23 E 


2312 

4455 
6045 


Landlet. 

Tizz. 

Mill. 


2 


38 05 54. 26 


75 


17 54.88 


N 15 16 E 
S 47 04 w 
S 27 26 w 


S 15 16 W 
N 47 02 E 

N 27 25 E 


2238 

4471 
6098 


Landlet. 
Tizz. 

Mill. 


3 


38 05 56. 94 


75 


17 42.48 


N 7 08 K 
S 48 58 W 
S 29 ^2 W 


S 7 08 W 
N 48 57 E 
N 29 41 E 


2084 
4777 
6334 


Landlet. 
Tizz. 

Mill. 


4 


38 05 52.72 


75 


17 44.78 


N 8 14 E 
S 49 48 \\' 
S 29 52 W 


S 8 14 W 
N 49 47 E 
N 29 51 E 


2233 
4638 
6180 


Landlet. 
Tizz. 

Mill. 


5 


38 05 53. 78 


75 


17 48, 02 


N 10 -55 E 
S 48 46 w 
S 29 00 \V 


S 10 35 w 
N 48 45 E 
N 28 59 E 


2212 

4595 
6169 


Landlet. 
Tizz. 

Mill. 



54 



Survey of Oyster Bars, ]]'orcester County, Md. 

RATTLESNAKE. 

{Middle Chincoleague Bay — Charts Xoi. 14 and i^.) 



Cor- 










True bearing 






ner 


Latitude 


I 


ongitude 








Distance 


U. S. C. & G. S. triangula- 


ot 
bar 


Forward 


Back 


tion station 




/ n 





/ n 




t 


/ 


Yards. 




I 


38 05 38. 00 


75 


18 03. 18 


N 
S 
S 


16 40 E 
50 43 \V 
28 01 \V 


S 16 40 \v 

N so 41 E 
N 28 00 E 


2826 

3944 
5510 


I.andlet. 

Tizz. 

Mill. 


2 


38 05.43. ig 


75 


IS 26.62 


s 
s 


29 32 E 
42 15 w 
21 17 \V 


S 29 35 W 
N 42 14 E 

N 21 16 E 


2gio 
3610 
5409 


Landlet. 

Tizz. 

Mill. 


3 


38 05 44. 86 


75 


18 26. 26 


N 

s 
s 


29 56 E 
41 46 W 
21 09 W 


S 29 56 W 
N 41 45 E 
N 21 09 E 


2856 
365 8 
5354 


Landlet. 

Tizz. 

Mill. 


4 


38 05 45.06 


75 


18 05. 24 


N 

s 
s 


19 19 E 
47 37 W 
26 24 W 


S ig ig W 
N 47 35 E 
N 26 23 E 


2616 
4057 
5695 


Landlet. 

Tizz. 

Mill. 



MARTIN' POINT. 

(Middle Chincoleague Bay — Charts Nos. 14 and j^.) 





/ 







, 


/ 


/ 


Yards. 




I 


•38 05 I 


4-44 


75 


17 53.44 


N 8 s6 E 
S 62 47 W 
S 34 59 W 


S 8 56 W 
N 62 46 E 
N 34 58 E 


3544 
3724 
4966 


Landlet. 
Tizz. 

Mill. 


2 


38 05 3 


7-54 


75 


1 7 56. 64 


N 13 09 E 

S 52 26 \V 
S 29 37 W 


S 13 09 W 

N 5:! 25 E 
N 29 36 E 


2795 
4070 

5576 


Landlet 
Tizz. 

Mill. 


3 


38 05 4 


1-75 


75 


17 47-56 


N 8 41 E 
S 5-^ 54 W 
S 30 59 w 


S 8 41 W 

N 52 52 E 
N 30 58 E 


2601 
4348 

5834 


Landlet. 
Tizz. 

Mill. 


4 


38 05 25.42 


75 


17 34- 24 


N 43 E 
S 61 32 \V 
S 37 07 W 


S 43 W 
N 61 31 E 
N 37 05 E 


313-^ 
4349 
5568 


Landlet. 
Tizz. 

Mill. 



DIAMOND. 

{Middle Chincoleague Bay — Charts Nos. 14 and 15.) 





/ " 


/ W 


/ 


/ 


Yards. 




I 


38 05 35. 23 


75 16 45. 20 


S 87 34 E 
N 24 21 W 
S 64 54 w 


N 87 32 \V 
S 24 21 E 
N 64 52 E 


5273 
3071 
5665 


Turnagain. 

Landlet. 

Tizz. 


2 


38 05 47. 16 


75 16 57. 82 


S 83 38 E 
N 21 13 W 
S 59 40 w 


N 83 36 W 
S 21 14 E 
N 59 38 E 


5640 

=572 
5554 


Turnagain. 

Landlet. 

Tizz. 


3 


38 05 42. 50 


75 16 40. 28 


S 84 47 E 
N 28 41 W 
S 6^ 17 W 


N 84 45 VV 
S 28 42 E 
N 63 15 E 


5159 
2gi2 
3890 


Turnagain. 

Landlet. 

Tizz. 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 
SHEEP. 

(Middle Chivcoteaguc Bay — Chart No. 15.) 



55 



Cor- 
ner 


Latitude 


L 


ongitude 


True bearing 


Distance 


U. S. C. & G. S. triangula- 


ot 
bar 


Forward 


Back 


tion station 


I 


01 'I 
38 04 03. 59 




75 


1 9 og. 02 


N 
N 
S 


/ 

23 31 E 
62 08 W 
26 20 w 


/ 

S 23 32 w 
S 62 09 E 
N 26 20 E 


Yard.':. 

6425 
1466 
1876 


Landlet. 

Tizz. 

Mill. 


2 


38 04 19. 44 


75 


19 20. 58 


N 
N 
S 


28 12 E 

81 19 W 

13 19 w 


S 28 13 W 
S 81 19 E 

N 13 19 E 


6077 
1000 

2277 


Landlet. 
Tizz. 

Mill. 


3 


38 04 16.94 


75 


19 05.45 


N 

N 
S 


24 24 E 
80 24 W 
23 31 w 


S 24 26 W 
S 80 25 E 
N 23 30 E 


5974 
1412 

23=4 


Landlet. 

Tizx. 

Mill. 


4 


38 04 11.44 


75 


18 58.79 


N 
N 
S 


22 10 E 

74 59 W 
29 35 W 


S 22 II W 
S 75 00 E 
N 29 35 E 


6075 
1625 
2238 


Landlet. 

Tizz. 

Mill. 



MI.N'K TUMP. 
(Middle Chincoteague Bay — -Chart Xo. 15.) 





r 


„ 


/ ri 




r 




/ 


Yards. 




I 


38 04 


12.42 


75 18 51.98 


N 
N 
S 


20 40 E 
77 29 W 
33 0- W 


s 
s 

N 


20 41 w 
77 30 E 
33 o' E 


5978 

1794 
2360 


Landlet. 
Tizz. 

Mill. 


2 


38 04 


21.76 


75 18 50-49 


N 
N 
S 


21 25 E 
87 40 W 
30 02 W 


s 
s 

N 


21 26 W" 
87 41 E 
30 01 E 


5668 
1792 
2649 


Landlet. 

Tizz. 

Mill. 


3 


38 04 


19. 78 


75 18 44.38 


N 
N 

S 


19 39 E 

85 55 W 

^T, 46 W 


s 
s 

N 


19 39 W 
85 56 E 
33 45 E 


5675 
1959 
2678 


Landlet. 

Tizz. 

Mill. 



EASTER COVE. 
(Middle Chincoteague Bay — Chart Xo. /j.) 





or f 





/ // 




c / 




/ 


Yards. 




I 


38 04 22.64 


75 


1 8 40. 08 


N 
N 
S 


18 52 E 
88 48 W 

34 37 W 


S 
S 

N 


18 53 w 

88 49 E 
34 36 E 


5546 
2069 

2823 


Landlet. 
Tizz. 

Mill. 


2 


38 04 26. 58 


75 


18 45-34 


N 

S 
S 


20 42 E 
87 20 W 
30 47 W 


S 

N 

N 


20 43 W 
87 19 E 

30 47 E 


5468 
1930 
2859 


Landlet. 
Tizz. 

Mill. 


3 


38 04 31.64 


75 


18 32. 15 


N 
S 
S 


17 44 E 

83 30 w 

34 38 W 


S 

N 
N 


17 45 \V 
83 29 E 
34 38 E 


5190 
2294 
3'93 


Landlet. 

Tizz. 

Mill. 



56 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

BIG BAY POINT. 
{Middle Chincoteague Bay — Chart No. 15.) 



Cor- 
ner 


Latitude 


Longitude 


True bearing 


Distance 


U. S. C. & G. S. triangula- 


of 
bar 


Forward 


Back 


tion station 




/ If 


/ f 




/ 


/ 


Yards. 




I 


38 04 14. 08 


75 17 22.42 


N 
S 
S 


2 51 w 
85 24 w 
61 02 w 


S 2 51 E 
N 85 26 E 

N 61 01 E 


5543 
4150 
4199 


Landlet. 
Tizz. 

Mill. 


2 


38 04 22. 96 


75 17 34-93 


N 
N 
S 


38 E 
89 30 W 
55 04 W 


S 38 W 
S 89 32 E 
N 55 03 E 


5238 
3804 

4075 


Landlet. 

Tizz. 

Mill. 


3 


38 04 29. 15 


75 17 27.00 


N 
S 

s 


I 45 W 
87 30 W 
54 h W 


S I 45 E 
N 87 28 E 
N 54 23 E 


5031 
4019 
4368 


Landlet 
Tizz. 

Mill. 


4 


38 04 20. 42 


75 "7 14-93 


N 
N 
S 


5 06 W 
88 26 W 
59 53 W 


S s 06 E 
S 88 27 E 
N 59 51 E 


5344 
4338 
4478 


Landlet. 
Tizz. 

Mill. 



KENNEL. 
(Middle Chincoteague Bay — Chart No. 75.) 





^ // 


/ // 


/ 


/ 


Yards. 




I 


38 04 12. 60 


75 16 55. 22 


N 10 12 \V 
N 85 30 W 
S 65 44 w 


.S 10 12 E 
S 85 32 E 
N 65 42 E 


5676 
4879 
4826 


Landlet. 

Tizz. 

Mill. 


2 


38 04 34. 50 


75 17 01.40 


N 9 47 W 
S 85 40 W 
S 57 16 W 


S 9 47 E 
N 85 39 E 

N 57 14 E 


4919 
4712 
5034 


Landlet. 

Tizz. 

Mill. 


3 


38 04 36. 62 


75 16 41. 80 


N 15 52 W 
S 85 20 w 
S 59 35 W 


S 15 53 E 
N 85 19 E 
N 59 32 E 


4966 
5238 
5516 


Landlet. 
Tizz. 

Mill. 


4 


38 04 20. 50 


75 16 38. 19 


N 15 19 W 
N 88 44 W 

S 65 08 w 


S 15 20 E 
S 88 46 E 
N 65 06 E 


5503 
5318 
5349 


Landlet. 

Tizz. 

Mill. 



DRUM. 

(Middle Chincoteague Bay — Chart No. 15.) 





/ '/ 


/ // 




/ 


/ 


Yards. 




I 


38 04 16.77 


75 16 09. 80 


N 
S 

s 


87 42 w 
69 16 w 
20 02 E 


S 87 45 E 
N 69 14 E 
N 20 01 \V 


6078 
5998 
6100 


Tizz. 
Mill. 
Pope Island L. S. S. 


2 


38 04 30. 80 


75 16 24. 88 


s 
s 
s 


87 40 W 
63 30 w 

21 53 E 


N 87 38 E 
N 63 32 E 
N 21 52 W 


5677 
5820 
6686 


Tizz. 
Mill. 
Pope Island L. S. S. 


3 


38 04 26. 84 


75 15 56.74 


s 
s 
s 


89 09 w 
67 33 W 

16 00 E 


N 89 06 E 
N 67 30 E 
N 15 58 W 


6423 
6448 
6316 


Tizz. 
Mill. 
Pope Island L. .S. S. 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Aid. 

TOBY. 
{Middle Chincoteague Bay — Cliart No. 25.) 



57 



Cor- 










True bearing 






ner 


Latitude 


I. 


ongitude 








Distance 


U S. C. & G S. triangula- 


of 
bar 


Forward 


Back 


tion station 




/ '/ 





/ // 




/ 


/ 


Yards. 




I 


38 03 53- 19 


75 


17 4143 


N 
S 
S 


74 04 w 
67 14 w 
42 34 E 


S 74 05 E 
N 67 13 E 
N 42 33 W 


3776 
3435 
6702 


Tizz. 
Mill. 
Pope Island L. S S. 


2 


38 04 18. 79 


75 


17 52.86 


N 
S 
S 


87 01 \V 
52 33 W 
39 50 E 


S 87 02 E 
N 52 32 E 
N 39 48 W 


3331 
3606 

7552 


Tizz. 

Mill. 

Pope Island L. S. S. 


3 


38 04 12. 21 


75 


17 35-28 


N 
S 
S 


84 03 W 
59 23 W 
38 04 E 


S 84 05 E 
N S9 22 E 
N 38 04 W 


3816 
3870 
7084 


Tizz. 
Mill. 
Pope Island L. S. S. 


4 


38 03 55. 12 


75 


1 7 30. 78 


N 
S 
S 


76 04 W 
68 00 W 

40 21 E 


S 76 05 E 
N 67 59 E 
N 40 19 W 


4034 
3723 
6562 


Tizz. 
Mill. 
Pope Island L. S. S. 



DEEP WATER. 
(Middle Chincoteague Bay — Chart No. 15.) 





/ 'r 





/ W 




r 


/ 


Yards. 




I 


38 03 46. 83 


75 


17 09.71 


N 
S 

s 


74 23 w 
74 29 w 
37 59 E 


S 74 25 E 
N 74 27 E 
N 37 58 W 


4649 
4164 
5991 


Tizz. 
Mill. 
Pope Island L. S. S. 


2 


38 03 56.42 


75 


17 04. 20 


N 
S 

s 


78 39 w 
70 56 W 
35 03 E 


S 78 40 E 
N 70 54 E 
N 35 02 W 


4717 
4402 
6164 


Tizz. 

Mill. 

Pope Island L. S. S. 


3 


38 03 5 I . 90 


75 


16 59-53 


N 

s 
s 


77 10 W 
73 18 W 
34 55 E 


S 77 12 E 
N 73 16 E 
N 34 54 W 


4870 
4473 
5967 


Tizz. 
Mill. 
Pope Island L. S. S. 



STRIKING MARSH. 

(Middle Chincoteague Bay — Chart No. 75.) 





or fi 


/ // 




t 


/ 


Yards. 




I 


38 03 34. 77 


75 '6 44-41 


N 
S 
S 


72 09 w 
81 25 w 
34 55 E 


S 72 11 E 
N 81 23 E 
N 34 54 W 


5412 

4741 
5262 


Tizz. 

Mill. 

Pope Island L. S. S. 


2 


38 03 57.94 


75 16 21.85 


N 
S 
S 


81 20 W 
74 17 W 
25 19 E 


S 81 21 E 

N 74 15 E 
N 25 18 W 


5819 
5494 
5639 


Tizz. 
Mill. 
Pope Island L. S. S. 


3 


38 03 39. 24 


75 16 13.66 


N 
S 
S 


75 49 W 
81 09 W 
26 08 E 


S 75 52 E 
N 81 07 E 

N 26 07 W 


6159 
5574 
4975 


Tizz. 
Mill. 
Pope Island L. S. S. 



58 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 



LEVIN TUMP. 
(Middle Chincoteague Bay — Chart No. 15.) 



Cor- 








True bearing 






ner 


Latitude 


Longitude 








Distance 


U. S. C. & G. S. triangula- 


of 
bar 


Forward 


Back 


tion station 




/ w 


/ /f 




f 


/ 


Yards. 




I 


38 03 30. 84 


75 16 09. 40 


N 
S 

s 


73 36 W 
84 10 W 
26 25 E 


S 73 38 E 
N 84 07 E 
N 26 22 W 


6343 
5651 
4671 


Tizz. 

Mill. 

Pope Island L. .S. S. 


2 


38 03 52. 17 


75 15 52. 18 


N 
S 

s 


80 41 W 

77 59 W 
i& 16 E 


S 80 44 E 
N 77 57 E 
N 18 16 \V 


6630 
6216 
5163 


Tizz. 
Mill. 
Pope Island L. S. S. 


3 


38 03 31.68 


75 15 54-96 


N 
S 

s 


74 45 W 
84 16 W 
21 44 E 


S 74 47 E 
N 84 14 E 
N 21 43 W 


6699 
6037 

4540 


Tizz. 

Mill. 

Pope Island L. S. S. 



WHITE ROCK. 

{Middle Chincoteague Bay — Chart No. 15.) 



I 


/ f 
38 02 56. 80 




75 


17 24.72 


/ 

N 54 13 W 
N 81 00 W 
S 53 24 E 


/ 

S 54 15 E 
S 81 02 E 

N 53 23 W 


Yards. 
5025 
3658 
5101 


Tizz. 

Mill. 

Pope Island L. .S. S. 


2 


38 03 34. 64 


75 


17 56. 02 


N 62 52 W 
S 75 46 W 
S 48 48 E 


S 62 53 E 

N 75 45 E 
N 48 46 \V 


3645 
2866 

6542 


Tizz. 
Mill. 
Pope Island L. S. S. 


3 


38 03 48. 58 


75 


17 39- 85 


-N 72 01 W 
S 69 54 W 
S 43 13 E 


S 72 0? E 
N 69 s^ E 
N 43 II \V 


3863 
3418 
6559 


Tizz. 

Mill, 

P.tpe Island L. S. S. 


4 


38 03 34. 38 


75 


17 08. 04 


N 69 43 VV 
S 80 17 W 
S 40 15 E 


S 69 44 E 

N 80 15 E 
.N 40 14 W 


4821 
41 16 
5636 


Tizz. 

Mill. 

Pope Island L. S. S. 


5 


38 03 09.81 


75 


17 02.78 


N 61 48 W 
N 88 II W 
S 45 14 E 


S 61 49 E 
S 88 12 E 
N 45 12 W 


5290 
4199 
4933 


Tizz. 
Mill. 
Pope Island L. S. S. 



HORSEHEAD .NORTH. 
(Middle Chincoteague Bay — Chart No. 73. 



I 


/ " 

38 02 51.57 


/ /' 

75 15 49-34 


X 

vS 

s 


/ 

83 03 w 
14 46 E 

28 2 1 E 


/ 

S S3 06 E 
N 14 46 W 
N 28 21 W 


Yards. 
6202 
2698 
3249 


Mill. 

Md.-Va- (Pope Island.) 

Pope Island L. S. S. 


2 


38 02 56. 14 


75 15 59- 71 


N 
S 
S 


S4 ,3 w 
19 14 E 
31 08 E 


S 84 15 E 
N 19 14 W 
N 31 07 W 


5910 
2926 
3520 


Mill. 

Md.-Va. (Pope Island.) 

Pope Island L S. S. 


3 


38 02 59. 21 


75 15 49. 61 


S 
S 


85 26 W 
13 37 E 
26 27 E 


S 85 28 E 
N 13 37 W 
N 26 26 W 


6168 
2951 
3481 


Mill. 

Md.-Va. (Pope Island.) 

Pope Island L. S. S. 


4 


38 02 55.20 


75 15 43.38 


iN 
S 
S 


84 24 w 

9 20 E 

23 37 E 


S 84 26 E 
N 9 19 \V 
N 23 37 W 


6426 
2768 
3255 


Mill 

Md.-Va. (Pope Island.)- 

Pope Island L. S. S. 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

HORSEHEAD SOUTH. 
(Middle Chincoteague Bay — Chart A'o. i^-) 



59 



Cor- 








True bearing 






ner 


Latitude 


Longitude 








Distance 


V. S. C. Sr G. S. triangula- 


of 
bar 


Forward 


Back 


tion station 




o / // 


/ '/ 




/ 


/ 


Yards. 




I 


38 02 34. 50 


73 16 07. 00 


N 
S 

s 


76 53 w 

29 40 E 
41 -\s E 


S 76 55 E 
N 29 40 W 
N 41 24 W 


5838 
2340 
3045 


Mill. 

Md.-Va. ( Pope Island.) 

Pope Island L. S S. 


2 


38 02 42.51 


75 16 17.94 


S 

s 


78 56 \V 
32 .2 E 

42 05 E 


S 78 58 E 
N 32 II W 

N 42 04 \V 


5495 
^723 
3440 


Mill. 

Md.-Va. 1 Pope Island.) 

Pope Island L. S. S. 


3 


38 02 46. 34 


75 15 57.02 


N 
S 

s 


81 09 W 
20 09 E 

3i 05 E 


S 81 12 E 
N 20 08 W 

N 33 05 W 


6022 

259^ 
3202 


Mill. 

Md.-Va. (Pope Island.) 

Pope Island L. S. S. 


4 


38 02 38. 40 


75 15 56. 34 


N 
S 

s 


78 43 W 
21 59 E 
35 36 E 


S 78 45 E 
N 21 59 W 
N 35 36 W 


6087 

■2337 
2972 


Mill. 

Md.-Va. ( Pope Island.) 

Pope Island L. S. S. 



APPENDIXES 



Appendix A.— LAWS RELATIXG TO THE COOPERATION OF THE COAST AND GEODETIC 
SURVEY AND BUREAU OF FISHERIES WITH THE MARYLAND SHELL FISH COM- 
MISSION. 

The work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and of the Bureau of Fisheries, in cooperation with 
the Maryland Shell Fish Commission, in surveying the oyster bars, establishing permanent landmarks 
at triangulation stations, and preparing for publication the necessary charts and technical and legal 
descriptions of boundaries and landmarks shown on these charts, has been executed in compliance with 
a request from the governor of the State of Maryland to the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, and by 
the authority of the following laws of the United States and Maryland: 

[Act of Congress approved May 26. 1906.] 

AN ACT To authorize the Secretary of Commerce and Labor to cooperate, through the Bureau of the Coast and Geodetic 
Survey and the Bureau of Fisheries, with the shellfish commissioners of the State of Maryland in making surveys 
of the natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatires of the United States of America in Congress 
assembled, That the Secretary of Commerce and Labor be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed, 
upon the request of the governor of the State of Maryland, to designate such officers, experts, and 
employees of the Bureau of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and of the Bureau of Fisheries as may be 
necessary to cooperate with the Maryland State board of shellfish commissioners in making a survey 
of and locating the natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland ; 
and the Secretary of Commerce and Labor is hereby authorized and directed to furnish to the officers, 
experts, and employees of said Bureaus so detailed as aforesaid such instruments, appliances, and 
steam launches as may be necessary to make the survey aforesaid; and the Secretary of Commerce 
and Labor is hereby authorized to have made in the Bureau of the Coast and Geodetic Survey all the 
plats necessary to show the results of the aforesaid survey and the locations of the said natural oyster 
beds, bars, and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland, and to furnish to the board of shell- 
fish commissioners of the State of Maryland such copies as may be necessary, and for this purpose to 
employ, in the District of Columbia and elsewhere, such technically qualified persons as may be neces- 
sary to carry out the purpose of this act. 

Sec. 2. That the Secretary of Commerce and Labor is hereby further authorized to have erected 
or constructed by the officers so detailed as aforesaid, while making such survey, such structures as 
may be necessary to mark the points of triangulation, so that the same may be used for such future 
work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey as the said Bureau may be hereafter required to perform in 
prosecuting the Government coast survey of the navigable waters of the United States located within 
the State of Maryland. 

******* 

Sec. 4. That this act shall take effect from the date of its passage. 

6i 



62 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

[Act of Congress approved June 30, 1906.I 

AN ACT Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, 
nineteen hundred and seven, and for other purposes. 

Be it enacted by the Seriate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress 
assembled. That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, for the objects herein- 
after expressed, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and seven, namely; * * * 

Coast and Geodetic Survey: * * * For any special surveys * * * including the 
expenditures authorized under Public Act Numbered One hundred and eighty-one, approved May 
twenty-sixth, nineteen hundred and six, and contingent expenses incident thereto, five thousand dollars, 
together with the imexpended balance under this appropriation for nineteen hundred and six and 
prior years which is hereby reappropriated and made available on this account for the fiscal year 
nineteen hundred and seven. * * * 



[Act of Congress approved March 4, 1907.] 

AN ACT Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, 
nineteen hundred and eight, and for other purposes. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress 
assembled, That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, for the objects herein- 
after expressed, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eight, namely: * * * 

Coast and Geodetic Survey: * * * For any special surveys * * * including expenses 
of surveys in aid of the shellfish commission of the State of Maryland, to be immediately available 
and to continue available until expended, twenty-five thousand dollars. * * * 



[.\ct of Congress approved May 27, 1908.] 

AN ACT Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth. 

nineteen hundred and nine, and for other purposes. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress 
assembled. That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, for the objects herein- 
after expressed, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nine, namely: * * * 

Coast and Geodetic Survey: * * * For any special surveys * * * including expenses 
of surveys in aid of the shellfish commission of the State of Maryland, which expenses, including cost 
of plats and charts, shall not exceed fifteen thousand dollars in any one year, to be immediately avail- 
able, twenty thousand dollars. 



[.\ct of the legislature of Maryland approved April 2, 1906.] 

AN ACT To establish and promote the industry of oyster culture in Maryland, to define and mark natural oyster beds, 
bars and rocks lying under the waters of this State, to prescribe penalties for the infringement of the provisions of 
this Act, and * * * 

Section i. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the following sections be, and 
they are hereby, added to Article 72 of the Code of Public General Laws, title " Oysters." * * * 

Sec 86. The Board of Shell Fish Commissioners shall, as soon as practicable after the passage of 
this Act, cause to be made a true and accurate survey of the natural oyster beds, bars and rocks of 
this State, said survey to be made w-ith reference to fixed and permanent objects on the shore, giving 
courses and distances, to be fully described and set out in a written report of said survey, as hereinafter 
required. A true and accurate delineation of the same shall be made on copies of published maps and 
charts of the United States coast and geodetic survey, which said copies shall be filed in the office of 
the said commissioners in the city of Annapolis; and the said commissioners shall further cause to be 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 63 

delineated upon copies of the publislicd maps and charts of the United States coast and geodetic 
survey, of the largest scale, one copy for each of the counties of this State in the waters of which there 
are natural oyster beds, bars and rocks, all natural beds, bars and rocks lying within the waters of 
such county, which maps shall be filed in the offices of the clerks of the Circuit Court for the respective 
counties wherein the grounds so designated may lie. * * * 

Sec. 87. The Governor of this State is hereby requested to ask the assistance of the United States 
coast and geodetic survey, and of the United States Fish Commissioner, to aid in the carrying out of 
the provisions of the preceding section. 

Sec. 89. As soon as practicable after the first day of .^pril, 1906, the said commissioners shall 
organize, and shall at once proceed, with the assistance of such person or persons as may be detailed by 
the United States coast and geodetic survey, and the United States Fish Commissioner, to aid them 
in their work, and of such persons as may be appointed under the preceding section, to have laid out, 
surveyed and designated on the said charts, the natural beds and bars, and shall cause to be marked 
and defined as accurately as practical^le, the limits and boundaries of the natural beds, bars and rocks, 
as established by said survey, and they shall take true and accurate notes of said survey in writing, 
and make an accurate report of said survey, setting forth such a description of landmarks as may be 
necessary to enable the said board, or their successors, to find and ascertain the boundary lines of the 
said natural oyster beds, bars and rocks, as shown by a delineation on the maps and charts provided 
in this Act; said report shall be completed and filed in the office of the board in the city of Annapolis 
within ninety days after the completion of the survey of any county. Said commissioners shall cause 
the same to be published in pamphlet form, and transmit copies of the same to the clerks of the Circuit 
Court for the respecti\e counties, where the charts have been filed or directed to be filed as hereinafter 
provided; the said report to be filed by the clerks of the several counties in a book kept for that purpose. 
And the said survey and report, when filed, subject to the right of appeal hereafter provided for in this 
Act. shall be taken in all of the courts of this State as conclusive evidence of the boundaries and limits 
of all natural oyster beds, bars and rocks, lying within the waters of the county wherein such survey 
and report are filed, and shall be construed to mean in all of the said courts that there are no natural 
oyster beds, bars or rocks lying within the waters of the counties wherein such report and survey are 
filed, other than those embraced in the survey authorized by this Act, and that all areas of the Chesa- 
peake Bay and its tributaries within the State of Maryland, not shown in the survey to be natural 
oyster beds, bars or rocks shall be construed in all the courts of the State to be barren bottoms, and 
open for disposal by the State for the purpose of private planting or propagation of oysters thereon 
under the provisions of this Act; provided, that the said survey and report shall not be construed as 
to affect in any manner the holdings by citizens of this State in any lot which may have been appro- 
priated or taken up under the laws of this State prior to the approval of this Act. 



The law of the State of Maryland, passed March 9, 1842, authorizing officers of the United States 
Coast and Geodetic Survey to enter upon the lands within the State limits for the purposes of the 
Survey is as follows: 

AN ACT Concerning the Survey of the Coast of Maryland. 

Section i. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That it shall and mav lie lawful for 
any person or persons employed under and by virtue of an act of the Congress of the United States, 
* * * at any time hereafter to enter upon lands within this State for the purpose of exploring, sur- 
veying, triangulating, or levelling, or doing any other matter or thing which may be necessary to effect 
the objects of said act, and to erect any works, stations, buildings, or appendages re{|uisite for that 
purpose, doing no unnecessary injury to private or other property. 

Sec. 2.0 And be it enacted. That in case the person or persons employed under the act of Congress 
aforesaid, can not agree with the owners or possessors of the land so entered upon and used as to the 

a Under the rulings of the Comptroller of the Treasury no damages can be collected except through the United 
States Court of Claims unless an agreement has been made in advance. 



64 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

amount of damage done thereto by reason of the removal of fences, cutting of trees or injury to the 
crop or crops growing on the same, it shall and may be lawful for the said parties or either of them to 
apply to the chief justice for the time being or one of the associate judges of the judicial district in 
which such land may be situated, who shall thereupon appoint three disinterested and judicious free- 
holders, residents of the same judicial district, to proceed with as much despatch as possible to the 
examination of the matter in question, and the faithful assessment of the damages sustained by the 
owners or possessors aforesaid, and the said freeholders or a majority of them, having first taken and 
subscribed an oath or affirmation before the chief or associate justice aforesaid or other person duly 
authorized to administer the same, that they will well and truly examine and assess as aforesaid, and 
having given five days' notice to both parties of the time of their meeting, shall proceed to the spot, 
and then and there upon their own view and if required, upon the evidence of witnesses, (to be by 
them sworn or affirmed and examined) shall assess the said damages, a,nd shall afterward make report 
thereof and of their proceedings in writing under their hands and seals and file the same within five 
days thereafter in the office of the clerk of the county in which the land aforesaid is situated, subject 
to an appeal by either party to the county court of the said county within ten days after filing as 
aforesaid, and the said report so made as aforesaid if no appeal as aforesaid be taken, shall be held to 
be final and conclusive as between the said parties, and the amount so assessed and reported shall be 
paid to the said owners or possessors of the land so damaged within twenty daj'S after the filing of 
said report, and the said chief or associate justice as aforesaid, shall have authority to tax and allow 
upon the filing of said report, such costs, fees and expenses to the said freeholders for the performance 
of their duty as he shall think equitable and just, which allowance shall be paid by the person or persons 
employed under the act of congress aforesaid, within the time last above limited, but if an appeal as 
aforesaid be taken, the case shall be set down for hearing at the first term of county court aforesaid, 
ensuing upon and after appeal, and it shall be lawful for either party immediately after the entry of 
such ai)peal, to take out summons for such witnesses as may be necessary to be examined upon the 
hearing aforesaid, and the said court shall have power in its discretion to award costs against which 
ever the final judgment shall be entered, and such appeal at the option of either party may and shall 
be heard before and the damage assessed b\' a jury of twelve men to be taken from the regular panel 
and elected as in other cases. 

Sec. 3. And be it enacted, That if any person or persons shall wilfully injure or deface or remove 
any signal, monument or building or any appendage thereto, erected, used or constructed under and 
by virtue of the act of congress aforesaid, such person or persons so offending shall severally forfeit 
and pay the sum of fifty dollars with costs of suit to be sued for and recovered by any person who 
shall first prosecute the same before any justice of the peace of the county where the person so offending 
may reside, and shall also be liable to pay the amount of damages thereby sustained, to be recovered 
with costs of suit in an action on the case, in the name and for the use of the United States of America, 
in anv court of competent jurisdiction. 



Appendix B.— THE HAMAN OYSTER CULTURE LAW. 

[Extract from Second Report of Shell Fish Commission.] 

OBJECT. 

"The legislature in placing chapter 711 of the acts of 1906, better known as the Haman Oyster 
Culture Law, upon the statute books of Maryland had a twofold object in view: 

1. To encourage an industry in oyster culture upon the barren bottoms beneath the tidewaters of 
the State. 

2. To prevent the leasing of natural oyster bars for the purpose of oyster culture." 

SURVEY. 

"To make the leasing of barren bottoms possible and the leasing of natural bars impossible, 
provision was made for a survey of the natural bars for the purpose of accurately locating and marking 
the same. It was definitely provided that no barren bottoms should be leased in any part of the 
State until the natural bars of that region had been surveyed, charted, and marked with buoys." 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 65 

Definition of a Natural Oyster Bar. 

naturai, bar not defined. 

"The Shell Fish Commission is instructed by section 90 of the Haman Oyster Culture Law to 
exercise its judgment liberally in favor of the natural bars when surveying, charting and buoying them, 
but other than this the Commission is uninstructed in this important matter. The responsibility of 
defining a natural bar is placed upon the Commission." 

DIVERSITY OF OPINION. 

" No definition of a natural oyster bar could be formulated by any man or body of men which would 
meet with the approval of all parties concerned. Oystermen, as a rule, hold that all bottoms where 
oysters grow or have grown naturally even though now practically barren of oysters should be considered 
natural bars. Other citizens of the State who are not directly interested in the oyster business, but 
interested in the oyster industry from the standpoint of revenue, hold, as a rule, that no bottoms should 
be excluded from leasing for oyster culture which, by methods known to oyster culturists, may be 
made to yield a greater number of oysters than they now produce." 

" It should be evident to every one that neither of these definitions could be adopted by the Com- 
mission as a working basis for determining which of the grounds surveyed are natural oyster bars." 

THE GOLDSBOROUGH DEFINITION. 

The definition of a natural oyster bar which very nearly approaches a reasonable and satisfactory 
compromise between the views of the subject held by oyslcrmcn on one hand and by oyster culturists 
on the other is that contained in an opinion rendered by Judge Charles F. Goldsborough in the circuit 
court for Dorchester County in the July term, 1881, in the case of William T. Windsor and George R. 
Todd V. Job T. Moore. 

This definition has been adopted by the Shell Fish Commission as the basis for the determination 
of the status of the various oyster bottoms surveyed and is as follows: 

What then is a natural bar or bed of oysters? It would be a palpable absurdity for the vState to 
attempt to promote the propagation and growth of oysters and to encourage its citizens, by a grant 
of land, to engage in their culture, if the lands authorized to be taken up were only those upon which 
oysters do not and can not be made to grow. That there may be lands covered by water in the State 
where no oysters can be found, but where, if planted, they could be cultivated successfully, may be 
possible, but, if so, I imagine that their extent must be too limited for them to be of much practical, 
general advantage for the purposes of such a law as the one under discussion; but there are thousands 
of acres of hard and sliifting sands where oysters not only are not found, but where it would be folly 
to ])lant them; and these latter it can not be supposed that the State intended to offer to give away, 
for the simple reason that the State could not help knowing that nobody would have them. 

Upon the other hand there are large and numerous tracts where oysters of natural growth may 
be found in moderate numbers, but not in quantities sufficient to make it profitable to catch them, 
and yet where oysters may be successfully planted and propagated. In my opinion these can not be 
called natural bars or beds of oysters, within the meaning of the Act of Assembly, and it is just such 
lands as these that the State meant to allow to be taken up under the provisions of the above-mentioned 
section of the Act. 

But there is still another class of lands where oysters grow naturally and in large quantities and 
to which the public are now and have been for many years in the habit of resorting with a view to 
earning a livelihood by catching this natural growth, and here, I think, is the true test of the whole 
question. Land can not be said to be a natural oyster bar or bed merely because oysters are scattered 
here and there upon it, and because if planted they will readily live and thrive there; but whenever 
the natural growth is so thick and abundant that the public resort to it for a livelihood, it is a natural 
oyster liar or bed and comes within the above-quoted restriction in the law, and can not be located or 
appropriated by any individual. 

APPLICATION OP DEFINITION. 

Before this definition may be of use in determining, accurately and scientifically, the status of an 
oyster ground, its central idea, "livelihood," must be expanded into accurately determinable factors, 
and these factors must be combined into a practical scheme of investigating the condition of the ground 
under consideration. 

Stated briefly, a livelihood is represented by a sum of money obtained from the sale, at a fixed 
price, of a certain quantity of oysters gathered in a given time from an allotted area of ground. 



82497—09- 



66 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 

Knowing the value of each of these factors it becomes possible to calculate the number of oysters 
an oyster ground must produce per square yard in order that oystermen may secure a livelihood by 
working upon it. 

Note. — The factors into which the Commission resolved the livelihood problem, the value assigned 
to each factor, and the scheme devised for practical use in examining and applying the definition to 
oyster bottoms are given in outline in their Second Report under the heading of the preceding extract, 
and in detail in their First Report on pages 32 to fig. 



Appendix C— SUMMARY OF THE PARTICULAR SURVEYING OPERATIONS WHICH CON- 
STITUTE AN "OYSTER SURVEY" AS NOW BEING CARRIED ON IN MARYLAND. 

Explanation. — A brief account of the particular surveying operations which constitute an "oyster 
survey" as now being carried on in Maryland will assist in the interpretation of records contained in 
the technical part of this report, and will be of interest to many who may not understand the necessity 
for the great amount of work being done or its complicated character. 

To those familiar with methods used in surveying and charting the characteristic features of large 
bodies of water there is an evident necessity for the various operations performed, especially when it 
is known that the boundaries of the public oyster bars and of the private lots leased for purposes of 
oyster culture must be surveyed and charted with the greatest practical accuracy. To others it will 
be sufficient to state that the actual experience gained from oyster surveys in other States has proven 
that in order to avoid endless dissatisfaction and litigation it is necessary to accurately locate and per- 
manently establish oyster boundaries as is now being done in Mar3'land.. 

Triangulation survey. — Such refinement of survey work as that demanded by the conditions of an 
oyster survey when carried on at considerable distances offshore can only be obtained by the use of 
a system of triangulation as a frame work or foundation. Therefore, a triangulation survev including 
the permanent marking of the positions of landmarks with monuments and a record of the descriptions 
of their locations for future recovery is a necessary operation of a complete oyster survey. 

Topographic survey. — The technical records which establish the relation between the offshore 
oyster boundaries and triangulation landmarks are suflScient for the requirements of engineers in making 
resurveys, but do not supply the needs of others who are interested in the same boundaries by reason 
of their occupation as oystermen concerned as to the public oyster bars, or oyster culturists concerned 
as to the leasable bottoms. For these it is necessary to have the charts of the survey show the relation 
of the shore line and other topographic features to the boundaries of the public oyster bars and private 
oyster farms. Therefore, a topographic survey is a necessary operation of a complete oyster survey. 

Hydrographic survey. — In the settlement of the important c|uestion of what is, or what is not, a 
natural oyster bar, and in the consideration of bottoms to be selected for purposes of oyster culture, 
information as to the depth of water and the character of the bottom is required. Therefore, a hydro- 
graphic survey is a necessary operation of a complete oyster sur\'ey. 

Necessary foundation for an oyster survey. — Consequently, the necessary components of a satis- 
factory foundation for a complete oyster survey are the three classes of survey operations technically 
named triangulation, topography, and hydrography, or, stated in another way, the foundation of a 
practical oyster survey includes the surveying operations usually followed by the Coast and Geodetic 
Survey leading up to the preparation and publication of nautical charts. 

Special surveys and investigations pertaining to oysters. — Having obtained this cartographic survey 
for a foundation, partly by new work and partly from records of previous work of the Government, 
the combined operations" making up an "oyster survey" are completed by superimposing on this 
foundation special surveys and investigations pertaining particularly to oysters or other shell fish. 

The special surveys pertaining to oysters furnish information as to the location and outline of 
oyster-shell bottoms, and are carried on by the sounding boat party in addition to the usual hydro- 
graphic work.i This operation consists of the observation and record of the character of vibration 
of a wire and chain apparatus which is dragged over the bottom, the vibrations or lack of vibrations 
indicating the presence and quantity of shells or absence of shells. 

a See Appendix D of this publication for "Statistics of results of combined operations of the Government and State/' 
'"See pages 104 to 123 of "First Annual Report of Maryland Shell Fish Commission." 



Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 



67 



The special oyster investigations" consist of tlie actual determination of the kind and quantity of 
oysters on the bottom, and such economic and biological studies of the supply of oyster food, density 
of water, character of the bottom, and other important matters as affect the growth of oysters. In 
this work the oyster investigation stations are located and buoyed by the hydrographic party while 
engaged in the survey of the oyster-shell limits. They are selected with the view of obtaining char- 
acteristic data which can be used for the interpretation of the recorded vibrations of the chain apparatus 
at all other points covered by the survey. 

Preparation of results. — The actual surveying operations and oyster investigations having been 
completed for any one county, there still remains technical work of nearly equal magnitude to that 
described. ft This work consists of the preparation of charts and technical descriptions of boundaries 
and landmarks for publication by the Government, the preparation of that part of the annual report 
of the Commission covering the special oyster surveys and investigations, the making of the leasing 
charts and finished projections, and finally the filing of the oyster charts and records with the courts 
and the Commission, thus opening a county for oyster culture. 

Summary. — From the foregoing account it can be seen that a complete oyster survey properly 
conducted so as to answer all practical requirements of the present and permanency of results for the 
future is a very complicated affair, involving many lines of surveying and other scientific work, and 
retjuiring the professional services of experts in the various operations of cartographic surveying and 
shell-fish investigations. 



Appendix D.— STATISTICS OF RESULTS OF THE COMBINED OYSTER SURVEY OPERA- 
TIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT AND STATE. -^ 



Operations 



Anne 
Arundel 
County rf 



Natural oyster bars surveyed and delineated - 

Acres of natural oyster bars 

Crab bottoms surveyed and delineated 

Acres of crab bottoms --. 

Clam beds sur\'eyed and delineated - 

Acres of clam beds 

Boundary buoys located and planted 

Triangulation landmarks established 

Miles of shore line covered by triangulation 

Square miles of water covered by triangulation 

Miles of examination of shell bottom with chain apparatus. 

Oyster investigation stations occupied 

Tide stations established 

Number of soundings over shell bottoms 

Square miles covered by soundings and chain apparatus 

Projections prepared and plotted 

Leasing charts prepared . 

Oyster charts published 

Reports published 

Progress maps published 



33.666 



362 

123 

1 10 

220 

369 

440 

4 

37.049 

S8 

9 

13 

4 



Somerset 
County i 


Wicomico 
County <i 


Worcester 
County i 


Total 


37 


IS 


28 


171 


27.566 


2.038 


1.655 


'64.92s 


54 
32, loS 






54 




- 






3 
506 


506 






154 


5.; 




677 


86 


30 


M^ 


/2S7 


125 


46 


95 


/360 


375 


44 


no 


/ 730 


296 


58 


63 


786 


679 


162 


147 


1.428 


3 


' 


I 


9 


17.904 


3.387 


3.649 


6t.989 


47 


3 


3 


11 1 


13 


2 


5 


/28 


12 


2 


3 


30 


6 


2 


3 


IS 


2 


2 


2 


/ 6 


2 


2 


2 


;6 



1 See pages 30 to 67 and 129 to 199 of "First Annual Report of Maryland Shell Fish Commission." 

f> No mention is made here of the large amount of administrative work of the Commission, uhich is greatly com- 
plicated and increased by the effect of the oyster-survey operations on many thousands of people whose interests are 
more or less involved, or of the large amount of survey w^ork involved in the surx'-ey and record of the boundaries of 
oyster lots leased from the State by private individuals for the purooses of oyster culture. 

<■ These statistics do not include the large amount of triangulation, topography, and hydrography resulting from 
previous work of the Coast and Geodetic Sur\'ey which was utilized in the preparation of the published oyster charts 
and records. 

(^ Work in Calvert, St. Marys, and Charles counties has been finished, but final statistics of results will not be pub- 
lished until these counties are opened for oyster culture. 

^ Total area of natural oyster bars of Connecticut is 5.770 acres, 

/ Less quantities covered by statistics of more than one county. 



O 



05 



"1 



■ex 



+ 



05 



55 



HTFf'^ CO.. WASHirVCTON 



LE S '03 



